{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117226155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2342356.2342435","title":"LIFEGUARD","display_name":"LIFEGUARD","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117226155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2342356.2342435","mag":"2117226155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2342356.2342435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2342356.2342435","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2342356.2342435","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2012 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2342356.2342435","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045165255","display_name":"Ethan Katz-Bassett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1030-6391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ethan Katz-Bassett","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington & University of Southern California, Seattle, WA, USA","University of Washington & University of Southern California, Seattle, WA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington & University of Southern California, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington & University of Southern California, Seattle, WA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045582550","display_name":"Colin Scott","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073676654","display_name":"David Choffnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-7226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David R. Choffnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014926009","display_name":"\u00cdtalo Cunha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5756-7775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110200422","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yjw32","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00cdtalo Cunha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil","Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BRAZIL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BRAZIL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110200422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060710552","display_name":"Vytautas Valancius","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vytautas Valancius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA","Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA., USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068586837","display_name":"Nick Feamster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9315-5201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Feamster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA","Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA., USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080776695","display_name":"Harsha V. Madhyastha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3921-5680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harsha V. Madhyastha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","University of California, RIverside, Riverside, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, RIverside, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087154420","display_name":"Thomas E. Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5682-8929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101497042","display_name":"Arvind Krishnamurthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-9528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arvind Krishnamurthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045165255"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.5294,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99153273,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"395","last_page":"406"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unavailability","display_name":"Unavailability","score":0.9532362818717957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.648061215877533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6390517354011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.628974437713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5422412753105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.4384080767631531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.41333168745040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36039847135543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3462918996810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.289924681186676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.22027823328971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1872287392616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.13711082935333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1315900683403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomics","display_name":"Macroeconomics","score":0.07354110479354858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780505938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093282","display_name":"Unavailability","level":2,"score":0.9532362818717957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.648061215877533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6390517354011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.628974437713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5422412753105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.4384080767631531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41333168745040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36039847135543823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3462918996810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.289924681186676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.22027823328971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1872287392616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13711082935333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1315900683403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.07354110479354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2342356.2342435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2342356.2342435","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2342356.2342435","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2012 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2342356.2342435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2342356.2342435","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2342356.2342435","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2012 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4382137347","display_name":"NeTS:Medium:Internet Measurement in the Large","funder_award_id":"0905568","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7332926257","display_name":"FIA: Collaborative Research: NEBULA: A Future Internet That Supports Trustworthy Cloud Computing","funder_award_id":"1040663","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307791","display_name":"Cisco Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322980","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","ror":"https://ror.org/00nc55f03"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2117226155.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2117226155.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W169898274","https://openalex.org/W181604222","https://openalex.org/W1530120774","https://openalex.org/W1542881316","https://openalex.org/W1598241463","https://openalex.org/W1753493857","https://openalex.org/W1760148955","https://openalex.org/W2075548827","https://openalex.org/W2096186938","https://openalex.org/W2113872681","https://openalex.org/W2115303222","https://openalex.org/W2124472784","https://openalex.org/W2127904496","https://openalex.org/W2131011677","https://openalex.org/W2131754091","https://openalex.org/W2139542924","https://openalex.org/W2143958888","https://openalex.org/W2144553078","https://openalex.org/W2147575919","https://openalex.org/W2151972741","https://openalex.org/W2164511281","https://openalex.org/W2171418694","https://openalex.org/W2304754665","https://openalex.org/W2911611915","https://openalex.org/W4238334627","https://openalex.org/W4239301748","https://openalex.org/W4243458904","https://openalex.org/W4244336785","https://openalex.org/W4255131925","https://openalex.org/W6635776485","https://openalex.org/W6637685234","https://openalex.org/W6637848635","https://openalex.org/W6681019726","https://openalex.org/W6757962795"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1841747458","https://openalex.org/W2130966263","https://openalex.org/W2143080255","https://openalex.org/W249111248","https://openalex.org/W1596201972","https://openalex.org/W2160425906","https://openalex.org/W1630494864","https://openalex.org/W1485627940","https://openalex.org/W4225865863","https://openalex.org/W2152433827"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30],"Internet":[1],"was":[2],"designed":[3],"to":[4,61],"always":[5],"find":[6],"a":[7,12],"route":[8,41],"if":[9],"there":[10],"is":[11,20],"policy-compliant":[13],"path.":[14,29],"However,":[15],"in":[16],"many":[17],"cases,":[18],"connectivity":[19],"disrupted":[21],"despite":[22],"the":[23],"existence":[24],"of":[25],"an":[26],"underlying":[27],"valid":[28],"research":[31],"community":[32],"has":[33,44],"focused":[34],"on":[35,48],"short-term":[36],"outages":[37],"that":[38,56],"occur":[39],"during":[40],"convergence.":[42],"There":[43],"been":[45],"less":[46],"progress":[47],"addressing":[49],"avoidable":[50],"long-lasting":[51,57],"outages.":[52],"Our":[53],"measurements":[54],"show":[55],"events":[58],"contribute":[59],"significantly":[60],"overall":[62],"unavailability.":[63]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}