{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123502857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2339530.2339579","title":"A shapelet transform for time series classification","display_name":"A shapelet transform for time series classification","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123502857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2339530.2339579","mag":"2123502857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2339530.2339579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2339530.2339579","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/40201/1/LinesKDD2012.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027003376","display_name":"Jason Lines","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1496-5941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Lines","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087265262","display_name":"Luke M. Davis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke M. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000173400","display_name":"Jon Hills","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon Hills","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052586692","display_name":"Anthony Bagnall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2360-8994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Bagnall","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":356,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"289","last_page":"297"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9168000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsequence","display_name":"Subsequence","score":0.6694703102111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6369489431381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5598921775817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.54714035987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5178535580635071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5149065256118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.47905194759368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.43807655572891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3588968515396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3482872247695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33171966671943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.293902188539505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137877099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332977","display_name":"Subsequence","level":3,"score":0.6694703102111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6369489431381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5598921775817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.54714035987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5178535580635071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5149065256118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.47905194759368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43807655572891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3588968515396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3482872247695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33171966671943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.293902188539505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2339530.2339579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2339530.2339579","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:40201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/40201/1/LinesKDD2012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.941.8834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.941.8834","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://idb.csie.ncku.edu.tw/tsengsm/COURSE/DM/Paper/Shpaelet.PDF","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:40201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/40201/1/LinesKDD2012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2123502857.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2123502857.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513731586","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1624615726","https://openalex.org/W1778796894","https://openalex.org/W1853995153","https://openalex.org/W2008348094","https://openalex.org/W2011208599","https://openalex.org/W2029438113","https://openalex.org/W2030191558","https://openalex.org/W2030863907","https://openalex.org/W2058220737","https://openalex.org/W2083540857","https://openalex.org/W2098759488","https://openalex.org/W2138745909","https://openalex.org/W2162206900","https://openalex.org/W2166547175","https://openalex.org/W2401378045","https://openalex.org/W2403962807","https://openalex.org/W2954016381","https://openalex.org/W2997546679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230102134","https://openalex.org/W2996768723","https://openalex.org/W4212895949","https://openalex.org/W4247866870","https://openalex.org/W2112772040","https://openalex.org/W3216774880","https://openalex.org/W2078387789","https://openalex.org/W2051502035","https://openalex.org/W4301400600","https://openalex.org/W4300143076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,68],"problem":[1],"of":[2,26,38,65,77,89,105],"time":[3,15,56],"series":[4,57,133],"classification":[5,94,148],"(TSC),":[6],"where":[7],"we":[8],"consider":[9],"any":[10],"real-valued":[11],"ordered":[12],"data":[13,50,113,126,144],"a":[14,18,49,55,81,98,103,112,116,132],"series,":[16],"presents":[17],"specific":[19],"machine":[20],"learning":[21],"challenge":[22],"as":[23,62],"the":[24,33,39,75,87,93,107,129,152],"ordering":[25],"variables":[27],"is":[28,44,54,60],"often":[29],"crucial":[30],"in":[31,71,115],"finding":[32,78,90],"best":[34,109],"discriminating":[35],"features.":[36],"One":[37],"most":[40],"promising":[41],"recent":[42],"approaches":[43],"to":[45,124,134],"find":[46],"shapelets":[47,79,91,110,123],"within":[48,80],"set.":[51],"A":[52],"shapelet":[53,99],"subsequence":[58],"that":[59,139],"identified":[61],"being":[63],"representative":[64],"class":[66],"membership.":[67],"original":[69],"research":[70],"this":[72,142],"field":[73],"embedded":[74],"procedure":[76],"decision":[82],"tree.":[83],"We":[84,101,137],"propose":[85],"disconnecting":[86],"process":[88],"from":[92,111,131],"algorithm":[95],"by":[96,127,156],"proposing":[97],"transformation.":[100],"describe":[102],"means":[104],"extracting":[106],"k":[108],"set":[114],"single":[117],"pass,":[118],"and":[119],"then":[120],"use":[121],"these":[122],"transform":[125],"calculating":[128],"distances":[130],"each":[135],"shapelet.":[136],"demonstrate":[138],"transformation":[140],"into":[141],"new":[143],"space":[145],"can":[146],"improve":[147],"accuracy,":[149],"whilst":[150],"retaining":[151],"explanatory":[153],"power":[154],"provided":[155],"shapelets.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
