{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081561469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2338965.2336767","title":"A first step towards algorithm plagiarism detection","display_name":"A first step towards algorithm plagiarism detection","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081561469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2338965.2336767","mag":"2081561469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2338965.2336767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2338965.2336767","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2012 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425815","display_name":"Fangfang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-3525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangfang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039607010","display_name":"Yoon\u2010Chan Jhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4112-4532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088807","display_name":"Samsung Pharm (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/003eds368","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088807"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoon-Chan Jhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008435786","display_name":"Dinghao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0741-5511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinghao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100346828","display_name":"Peng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5091-8464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101952501","display_name":"Sencun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1047-7967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sencun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.172,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9371706,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"111","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longest-common-subsequence-problem","display_name":"Longest common subsequence problem","score":0.7836099863052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7655436992645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plagiarism-detection","display_name":"Plagiarism detection","score":0.7653427124023438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.6038079261779785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5287477374076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5274013876914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5044320821762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-implementation","display_name":"Software implementation","score":0.46413418650627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edit-distance","display_name":"Edit distance","score":0.46300745010375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4580719470977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.45715636014938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsequence","display_name":"Subsequence","score":0.43171989917755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.4296859800815582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.4274861216545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3958083689212799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2071886956691742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.16996094584465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.113822340965271}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120098539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141001","display_name":"Longest common subsequence problem","level":2,"score":0.7836099863052368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7655436992645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780907237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986238","display_name":"Plagiarism detection","level":2,"score":0.7653427124023438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.6038079261779785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5287477374076843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5274013876914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5044320821762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983609787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10534782","display_name":"Software implementation","level":3,"score":0.46413418650627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44359876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5338467","display_name":"Edit distance","level":2,"score":0.46300745010375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4580719470977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.45715636014938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137877099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332977","display_name":"Subsequence","level":3,"score":0.43171989917755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.4296859800815582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.4274861216545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3958083689212799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2071886956691742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.16996094584465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.113822340965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2338965.2336767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2338965.2336767","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2012 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.402.7463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.402.7463","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.psu.edu/~szhu/papers/ISSTA_alg_plagrism.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150085617","https://openalex.org/W1500616534","https://openalex.org/W1515790419","https://openalex.org/W1522250664","https://openalex.org/W1567046609","https://openalex.org/W1593203335","https://openalex.org/W1863385414","https://openalex.org/W1945100066","https://openalex.org/W1949414914","https://openalex.org/W1995739251","https://openalex.org/W2019763646","https://openalex.org/W2038159719","https://openalex.org/W2041839827","https://openalex.org/W2062847633","https://openalex.org/W2084201645","https://openalex.org/W2086968222","https://openalex.org/W2096491586","https://openalex.org/W2102970979","https://openalex.org/W2107697055","https://openalex.org/W2109943392","https://openalex.org/W2111295912","https://openalex.org/W2116952712","https://openalex.org/W2117583561","https://openalex.org/W2125260159","https://openalex.org/W2128782367","https://openalex.org/W2129360963","https://openalex.org/W2138756793","https://openalex.org/W2145657894","https://openalex.org/W2156897720","https://openalex.org/W2157532207","https://openalex.org/W2163840964","https://openalex.org/W2293624369","https://openalex.org/W2340006107","https://openalex.org/W2397498144","https://openalex.org/W2913256667","https://openalex.org/W3215498156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163993443","https://openalex.org/W4292436243","https://openalex.org/W2938635738","https://openalex.org/W2998685384","https://openalex.org/W3002517191","https://openalex.org/W2902509208","https://openalex.org/W4240117647","https://openalex.org/W2810872891","https://openalex.org/W2018366250","https://openalex.org/W2081561469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,26,44],"this":[1,45],"work,":[2],"we":[3,47],"address":[4,134],"the":[5,66,84,125,135,147],"problem":[6],"of":[7,83],"algorithm":[8,42,58,160],"plagiarism,":[9,30],"which":[10,31,75,108],"occurs":[11],"when":[12],"a":[13,115,143],"plagiarist,":[14],"violating":[15],"intellectual":[16],"property":[17],"rights,":[18],"steals":[19],"others'":[20],"algorithms":[21],"and":[22,55,78,145,166],"covertly":[23],"implements":[24],"them.":[25],"contrast":[27],"to":[28,41,104,124,133,159,168],"software":[29],"has":[32,38],"been":[33,39],"extensively":[34],"studied,":[35],"limited":[36],"attention":[37],"paid":[40],"plagiarism.":[43],"paper,":[46],"propose":[48,114],"two":[49],"dynamic":[50],"value-based":[51],"approaches,":[52],"namely":[53],"N-version":[54,88],"annotation,":[56],"for":[57,80],"plagiarism":[59,161],"detection.":[60],"Our":[61],"approaches":[62,158],"are":[63,76,163],"motivated":[64],"by":[65,93],"observation":[67],"that":[68,156],"there":[69],"exist":[70],"some":[71],"critical":[72],"runtime":[73],"values":[74,92],"irreplaceable":[77],"uneliminatable":[79],"all":[81],"implementations":[82],"same":[85],"algorithm.":[86],"The":[87,98,153],"approach":[89,100],"extracts":[90],"such":[91],"filtering":[94],"out":[95],"non-core":[96],"values.":[97,111],"annotation":[99],"leverages":[101],"auxiliary":[102],"information":[103],"flag":[105],"important":[106],"variables":[107],"contain":[109],"core":[110],"We":[112,140],"also":[113],"value":[116,137],"dependence":[117],"graph":[118],"based":[119,129],"similarity":[120],"metric":[121],"in":[122,131],"addition":[123],"longest":[126],"common":[127],"subsequence":[128],"one,":[130],"order":[132],"potential":[136],"reordering":[138],"attack.":[139],"have":[141],"implemented":[142],"prototype":[144],"evaluated":[146],"proposed":[148],"schemes":[149],"on":[150],"various":[151],"algorithms.":[152],"results":[154],"show":[155],"our":[157],"detection":[162],"practical,":[164],"effective":[165],"resilient":[167],"many":[169],"automatic":[170],"obfuscation":[171],"techniques.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}