{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2051674079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2335356.2335367","title":"Do you see your password?","display_name":"Do you see your password?","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2051674079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2335356.2335367","mag":"2051674079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2335356.2335367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2335356.2335367","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070066590","display_name":"Nicholas J. Wright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1883-6108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University Ottawa, Canada","Carleton University / Ottawa / Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University / Ottawa / Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111377517","display_name":"Andrew S. Patrick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew S. Patrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University Ottawa, Canada","Carleton University / Ottawa / Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University / Ottawa / Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010995209","display_name":"Robert Biddle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5971-2705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Biddle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University Ottawa, Canada","Carleton University / Ottawa / Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University / Ottawa / Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070066590"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.0532,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98935574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9557999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.8814613819122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7852225303649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.7213804721832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-password","display_name":"Cognitive password","score":0.5215732455253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5211194157600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4282485842704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38603490591049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-time-password","display_name":"One-time password","score":0.24041321873664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-policy","display_name":"Password policy","score":0.23666301369667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1284526288509369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07748088240623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.05633166432380676}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.8814613819122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7852225303649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.7213804721832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23875713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141232","display_name":"Cognitive password","level":5,"score":0.5215732455253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5211194157600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4282485842704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38603490591049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89479133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137840","display_name":"One-time password","level":3,"score":0.24041321873664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98705547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394687","display_name":"Password policy","level":4,"score":0.23666301369667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1284526288509369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07748088240623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.05633166432380676}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2335356.2335367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2335356.2335367","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29027970","https://openalex.org/W95892887","https://openalex.org/W128619364","https://openalex.org/W279049955","https://openalex.org/W571706490","https://openalex.org/W1485033854","https://openalex.org/W1498728415","https://openalex.org/W1503108337","https://openalex.org/W1565618983","https://openalex.org/W1582830784","https://openalex.org/W1701110774","https://openalex.org/W1921097329","https://openalex.org/W1969551781","https://openalex.org/W1970205580","https://openalex.org/W1980384741","https://openalex.org/W1984314602","https://openalex.org/W1990451873","https://openalex.org/W1993721703","https://openalex.org/W2004522115","https://openalex.org/W2006223640","https://openalex.org/W2021625970","https://openalex.org/W2025447106","https://openalex.org/W2025495467","https://openalex.org/W2028585256","https://openalex.org/W2030007850","https://openalex.org/W2031923292","https://openalex.org/W2037202491","https://openalex.org/W2041373240","https://openalex.org/W2042914259","https://openalex.org/W2047431989","https://openalex.org/W2049059074","https://openalex.org/W2059711617","https://openalex.org/W2065076704","https://openalex.org/W2076427550","https://openalex.org/W2078425447","https://openalex.org/W2079527332","https://openalex.org/W2079981839","https://openalex.org/W2092127673","https://openalex.org/W2098112891","https://openalex.org/W2100001183","https://openalex.org/W2106247215","https://openalex.org/W2110017928","https://openalex.org/W2112060097","https://openalex.org/W2112767991","https://openalex.org/W2113936660","https://openalex.org/W2114550657","https://openalex.org/W2115218409","https://openalex.org/W2119545418","https://openalex.org/W2126453598","https://openalex.org/W2145881505","https://openalex.org/W2159335031","https://openalex.org/W2159510087","https://openalex.org/W2161032904","https://openalex.org/W2166869510","https://openalex.org/W2171133282","https://openalex.org/W2171920515","https://openalex.org/W2333278951","https://openalex.org/W2343130604","https://openalex.org/W2495903826","https://openalex.org/W2579555219","https://openalex.org/W2752929869","https://openalex.org/W2914982603","https://openalex.org/W2968805916","https://openalex.org/W3196771892","https://openalex.org/W4234644900","https://openalex.org/W4241584385","https://openalex.org/W4298423176","https://openalex.org/W6616162833","https://openalex.org/W6630133823","https://openalex.org/W6739058471","https://openalex.org/W6774716930"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115218409","https://openalex.org/W2183044514","https://openalex.org/W165936246","https://openalex.org/W2090949570","https://openalex.org/W2596869006","https://openalex.org/W2417837167","https://openalex.org/W2969720675","https://openalex.org/W181832734","https://openalex.org/W2085528593","https://openalex.org/W2181639618"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Text-based":[0],"password":[1,36],"systems":[2,37],"are":[3,38],"the":[4,20,74,80,102,132],"authentication":[5],"mechanism":[6],"most":[7,32],"commonly":[8],"used":[9],"on":[10,40,91],"computer":[11],"systems.":[12],"Graphical":[13],"passwords":[14],"have":[15,26],"recently":[16],"been":[17],"proposed":[18],"because":[19,49],"pictorial-superiority":[21],"effect":[22],"suggests":[23],"that":[24,94,114,131],"people":[25],"better":[27],"memory":[28],"for":[29],"images.":[30],"The":[31],"widely":[33],"advocated":[34],"graphical":[35,77],"based":[39],"recognition":[41,50,83,103,122,145],"rather":[42],"than":[43,58],"recall.":[44],"This":[45,88],"approach":[46],"is":[47,51],"favored":[48],"a":[52,85,92,107],"more":[53,147],"effective":[54],"manner":[55],"of":[56,65,76,82,104,110],"retrieval":[57,86],"recall,":[59],"exhibiting":[60],"greater":[61],"accuracy":[62],"and":[63,79,123],"longevity":[64],"material.":[66],"However,":[67],"schemes":[68],"such":[69],"as":[70,84,106],"these":[71],"combine":[72],"both":[73],"use":[75,81],"images":[78],"mechanism.":[87],"paper":[89],"reports":[90],"study":[93],"sought":[95],"to":[96,149],"address":[97],"this":[98],"confound":[99],"by":[100],"exploring":[101],"text":[105,121,124,144],"novel":[108],"means":[109],"authentication.":[111],"We":[112],"hypothesized":[113],"there":[115],"would":[116],"be":[117],"significant":[118,139],"differences":[119],"between":[120],"recall":[125],"conditions.":[126],"Our":[127],"study,":[128],"however,":[129],"showed":[130],"conditions":[133],"were":[134],"comparable;":[135],"we":[136],"found":[137],"no":[138],"difference":[140],"in":[141],"memorability.":[142],"Furthermore,":[143],"required":[146],"time":[148],"authenticate":[150],"successfully.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
