{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108870824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2330163.2330307","title":"Breast cancer detection using cartesian genetic programming evolved artificial neural networks","display_name":"Breast cancer detection using cartesian genetic programming evolved artificial neural networks","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108870824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2330163.2330307","mag":"2108870824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2330163.2330307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2330163.2330307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015146314","display_name":"Arbab Masood Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3145-8124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arbab Masood Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["UET Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UET Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060203725","display_name":"Gul Muhammad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5646-9372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gul Muhammad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan, Peshawar, Pakistan","University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan, Peshawar, Pakistan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan, Peshawar, Pakistan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043756122","display_name":"Sahibzada Ali Mahmud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-5459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahibzada Ali Mahmud","raw_affiliation_strings":["UET Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UET Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077881387","display_name":"Julian F. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-9655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Francis Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of York, UK, York, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of York, UK, York, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1031","last_page":"1038"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7769609093666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.6714985370635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6379507184028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.628202497959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartesian-coordinate-system","display_name":"Cartesian coordinate system","score":0.5248456001281738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.5119150876998901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46779924631118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fine-needle-aspiration","display_name":"Fine-needle aspiration","score":0.4470149278640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.43678203225135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3781464397907257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.2860700786113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.24149379134178162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.175601989030838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14654433727264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biopsy","display_name":"Biopsy","score":0.08094960451126099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7769609093666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.6714985370635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6379507184028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.628202497959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16038011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62912","display_name":"Cartesian coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.5248456001281738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.5119150876998901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46779924631118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776170712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180071","display_name":"Fine-needle aspiration","level":3,"score":0.4470149278640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.43678203225135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3781464397907257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.2860700786113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24149379134178162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.175601989030838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14654433727264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775934546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179991","display_name":"Biopsy","level":2,"score":0.08094960451126099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2330163.2330307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2330163.2330307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118333330","https://openalex.org/W136010251","https://openalex.org/W175644745","https://openalex.org/W1517016597","https://openalex.org/W1564809434","https://openalex.org/W1581508004","https://openalex.org/W1591747416","https://openalex.org/W1607307504","https://openalex.org/W1775913388","https://openalex.org/W1894684810","https://openalex.org/W1968320709","https://openalex.org/W1969557815","https://openalex.org/W1972427747","https://openalex.org/W1976070030","https://openalex.org/W1978150416","https://openalex.org/W1981114175","https://openalex.org/W2010464187","https://openalex.org/W2036271857","https://openalex.org/W2045008891","https://openalex.org/W2052233382","https://openalex.org/W2080706130","https://openalex.org/W2095890769","https://openalex.org/W2097932601","https://openalex.org/W2101525630","https://openalex.org/W2101881450","https://openalex.org/W2111935653","https://openalex.org/W2116339921","https://openalex.org/W2118005571","https://openalex.org/W2124290836","https://openalex.org/W2124965119","https://openalex.org/W2126174867","https://openalex.org/W2133647570","https://openalex.org/W2140685838","https://openalex.org/W2148067905","https://openalex.org/W2151471048","https://openalex.org/W2155487617","https://openalex.org/W2407510056","https://openalex.org/W2604796233","https://openalex.org/W2608239929","https://openalex.org/W2997026295","https://openalex.org/W3013662176","https://openalex.org/W4236531604","https://openalex.org/W4256311151","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W4306321456","https://openalex.org/W4285260836","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4205958290","https://openalex.org/W2386387936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"fast":[1,70],"learning":[2],"neuro-evolutionary":[3],"technique":[4],"that":[5],"evolves":[6],"Artificial":[7],"Neural":[8],"Networks":[9],"using":[10,30],"Cartesian":[11],"Genetic":[12],"Programming":[13],"(CGPANN)":[14],"is":[15,48,58],"used":[16,59],"to":[17,38,76,90],"detect":[18],"the":[19,39,51,64,81,86],"presence":[20],"of":[21,43,85],"breast":[22,26,44],"cancer.":[23,45],"Features":[24],"from":[25,50],"mass":[27],"are":[28,36],"extracted":[29],"fine":[31],"needle":[32],"aspiration":[33],"(FNA)":[34],"and":[35,57,62,71,104],"applied":[37],"CGPANN":[40],"for":[41,60,96,106],"diagnosis":[42],"FNA":[46],"data":[47],"obtained":[49],"Wisconsin":[52],"Diagnostic":[53],"Breast":[54],"Cancer":[55],"website":[56],"training":[61],"testing":[63],"network.":[65],"The":[66,83],"developed":[67],"system":[68],"produces":[69],"accurate":[72],"results":[73],"when":[74],"compared":[75],"contemporary":[77],"work":[78],"done":[79],"in":[80],"field.":[82],"error":[84],"model":[87],"comes":[88],"out":[89],"be":[91],"as":[92,94,102,112],"low":[93],"1%":[95],"Type-I":[97],"(classifying":[98,108],"benign":[99],"sample":[100,110],"falsely":[101,111],"malignant)":[103],"0.5%":[105],"Type-II":[107],"malignant":[109],"benign).":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}