{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111075806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2318916.2318930","title":"Evaluating operating system vulnerability to memory errors","display_name":"Evaluating operating system vulnerability to memory errors","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111075806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2318916.2318930","mag":"2111075806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2318916.2318930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2318916.2318930","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Runtime and Operating Systems for Supercomputers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020783484","display_name":"Kurt Brian Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5607-5691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurt B. Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052855971","display_name":"Kevin Pedretti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1261-0178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Pedretti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036922303","display_name":"Ron Brightwell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8186-222X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ron Brightwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052769561","display_name":"Patrick G. Bridges","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4801-0390"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick G. Bridges","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New Mexico","University of New Mexico;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Mexico;","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091176753","display_name":"David Fiala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-1468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Fiala","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University","North Carolina State University,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031749427","display_name":"Frank Mueller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-0294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Mueller","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University","North Carolina State University,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7842373847961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-footprint","display_name":"Memory footprint","score":0.6663371324539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6168217658996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.47278356552124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-errors","display_name":"Memory errors","score":0.4667511284351349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-memory","display_name":"Virtual memory","score":0.45842400193214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.4298502802848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4273075759410858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.42702287435531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.4163001775741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.41604530811309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.39460915327072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3443411886692047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33479416370391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overlay","display_name":"Overlay","score":0.21451827883720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10930362343788147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7842373847961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74912251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815727","display_name":"Memory footprint","level":2,"score":0.6663371324539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6168217658996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47278356552124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119907115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815725","display_name":"Memory errors","level":3,"score":0.4667511284351349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76399640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189401","display_name":"Virtual memory","level":4,"score":0.45842400193214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.4298502802848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4273075759410858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.42702287435531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4163001775741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41604530811309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.39460915327072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3443411886692047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33479416370391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136085584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910289","display_name":"Overlay","level":2,"score":0.21451827883720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10930362343788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2318916.2318930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2318916.2318930","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Runtime and Operating Systems for Supercomputers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.384.9430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.384.9430","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.sandia.gov/~ktpedre/copyrighted-papers/ross2012.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3017597143","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC04-94AL85000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338291","funder_display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5827802491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC04-94AL85000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","funder_display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7318852158","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC04-94AL85000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338291","funder_display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8456466421","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC04-94AL85000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03sk1we31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338291","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79276452","https://openalex.org/W1493735863","https://openalex.org/W1496417343","https://openalex.org/W1558516248","https://openalex.org/W1568101540","https://openalex.org/W1568637577","https://openalex.org/W1583519197","https://openalex.org/W1855495706","https://openalex.org/W1971952282","https://openalex.org/W1984564341","https://openalex.org/W1993383198","https://openalex.org/W2009063162","https://openalex.org/W2020115430","https://openalex.org/W2034593585","https://openalex.org/W2040227800","https://openalex.org/W2053578304","https://openalex.org/W2053932492","https://openalex.org/W2054129151","https://openalex.org/W2063924830","https://openalex.org/W2083613288","https://openalex.org/W2084402884","https://openalex.org/W2088552220","https://openalex.org/W2089344916","https://openalex.org/W2089536264","https://openalex.org/W2097946733","https://openalex.org/W2120109687","https://openalex.org/W2120591095","https://openalex.org/W2125488852","https://openalex.org/W2130189691","https://openalex.org/W2138490181","https://openalex.org/W2148352627","https://openalex.org/W2153265436","https://openalex.org/W2160779498","https://openalex.org/W2165989201","https://openalex.org/W2169596872","https://openalex.org/W2276012375","https://openalex.org/W2913686842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976766385","https://openalex.org/W2078640694","https://openalex.org/W261562921","https://openalex.org/W1421493983","https://openalex.org/W4243333834","https://openalex.org/W1698699620","https://openalex.org/W71081774","https://openalex.org/W2138847","https://openalex.org/W2125264433","https://openalex.org/W2373327185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reliability":[0],"is":[1,77,84],"of":[2,8,25,60,85,97,112,117,129,162],"great":[3,42],"concern":[4,13],"to":[5,33,54,174,184,201,207],"the":[6,35,58,65,73,115,118,125,142,191],"scalability":[7],"extreme-scale":[9],"systems.":[10,40],"Of":[11],"particular":[12,86],"are":[14,21,31,172],"soft":[15,126,175],"errors":[16,62,108,176,205],"in":[17,57,109,134],"main":[18],"memory,":[19,102],"which":[20],"a":[22,71,94,98,152],"leading":[23,36],"cause":[24,37],"failures":[26],"on":[27,38,70],"current":[28,135],"systems":[29,132],"and":[30,49,136,150,169,177,215],"predicted":[32],"be":[34,182,197],"future":[39,137],"While":[41],"effort":[43],"has":[44],"gone":[45],"into":[46],"designing":[47],"algorithms":[48],"applications":[50],"that":[51,171,180],"can":[52],"continue":[53],"make":[55],"progress":[56],"presence":[59],"these":[61,163],"without":[63],"restarting,":[64],"most":[66],"critical":[67],"software":[68,91],"running":[69],"node,":[72],"operating":[74,131,155,194],"system":[75,156,195,217],"(OS),":[76],"currently":[78],"left":[79],"relatively":[80],"unprotected.":[81],"OS":[82],"resiliency":[83],"importance":[87],"because,":[88],"though":[89],"this":[90,110,121],"typically":[92],"represents":[93],"small":[95],"footprint":[96],"compute":[99],"node's":[100],"physical":[101],"recent":[103],"studies":[104],"show":[105,190],"more":[106],"memory":[107,113,204,210],"region":[111],"than":[114],"remainder":[116],"system.":[119],"In":[120],"paper,":[122],"we":[123,165],"investigate":[124],"error":[127],"vulnerability":[128],"two":[130],"used":[133,183],"high-performance":[138,153],"computing":[139],"systems:":[140],"Kitten,":[141],"lightweight":[143,193],"kernel":[144],"developed":[145,157],"at":[146],"Sandia":[147],"National":[148],"Laboratories,":[149],"CLE,":[151],"Linux-based":[154],"by":[158],"Cray.":[159],"For":[160],"each":[161],"platforms,":[164],"outline":[166],"major":[167],"structures":[168],"subsystems":[170],"vulnerable":[173],"describe":[178],"methods":[179],"could":[181],"reconstruct":[185],"damaged":[186],"state.":[187],"Our":[188],"results":[189],"Kitten":[192],"may":[196],"an":[198],"easier":[199],"target":[200],"harden":[202],"against":[203],"due":[206],"its":[208],"smaller":[209],"footprint,":[211],"largely":[212],"deterministic":[213],"state,":[214],"simpler":[216],"structure.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}