{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122795019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2307636.2307674","title":"WIISARD","display_name":"WIISARD","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122795019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2307636.2307674","mag":"2122795019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2307636.2307674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2307636.2307674","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089450891","display_name":"Octav Chipara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4729-0602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Octav Chipara","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA","University of Iowa; Iowa City; IA; USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iowa; Iowa City; IA; USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066759270","display_name":"William G. Griswold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0663-6977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William G. Griswold","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008750392","display_name":"Anders Nilsson Plymoth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders N. Plymoth","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045306151","display_name":"Ricky Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricky Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453028","display_name":"Fang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8753-3878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084664337","display_name":"Per Johansson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6140-9123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Per Johansson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074697921","display_name":"Ramesh R. Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-0208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004263739","display_name":"Theodore C. Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4392-4735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodore Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086943244","display_name":"Colleen Buono","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colleen Buono","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089450891"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6097,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9517406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"407","last_page":"420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissemination","display_name":"Dissemination","score":0.7334004044532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.723864734172821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6077443361282349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5742723941802979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.50786954164505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5006206035614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drill","display_name":"Drill","score":0.498579740524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.48963600397109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triage","display_name":"Triage","score":0.4874567985534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4277426600456238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.35660308599472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21718847751617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17608016729354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10551416873931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergency","display_name":"Medical emergency","score":0.08668380975723267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101780184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840576","display_name":"Dissemination","level":2,"score":0.7334004044532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.723864734172821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6077443361282349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5742723941802979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.50786954164505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5006206035614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173736775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58964","display_name":"Drill","level":2,"score":0.498579740524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.48963600397109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777120189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780067","display_name":"Triage","level":2,"score":0.4874567985534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4277426600456238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.35660308599472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21718847751617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17608016729354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10551416873931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.08668380975723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2307636.2307674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2307636.2307674","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W141925919","https://openalex.org/W241362558","https://openalex.org/W298092010","https://openalex.org/W1466114749","https://openalex.org/W1576488973","https://openalex.org/W1975804880","https://openalex.org/W1982904338","https://openalex.org/W1987996984","https://openalex.org/W2000652320","https://openalex.org/W2002169759","https://openalex.org/W2003827315","https://openalex.org/W2023664726","https://openalex.org/W2039163496","https://openalex.org/W2058632086","https://openalex.org/W2074739868","https://openalex.org/W2089392880","https://openalex.org/W2095135670","https://openalex.org/W2095846454","https://openalex.org/W2096509679","https://openalex.org/W2101490447","https://openalex.org/W2119636671","https://openalex.org/W2133286823","https://openalex.org/W2135480767","https://openalex.org/W2142522527","https://openalex.org/W2143705673","https://openalex.org/W2147035977","https://openalex.org/W2148135143","https://openalex.org/W2150805847","https://openalex.org/W2157116295","https://openalex.org/W2159470470","https://openalex.org/W2161028381","https://openalex.org/W2166735950","https://openalex.org/W2170133014","https://openalex.org/W2188726183","https://openalex.org/W2405697863","https://openalex.org/W2924086867","https://openalex.org/W4252760711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394761728","https://openalex.org/W1975091423","https://openalex.org/W2144451503","https://openalex.org/W2033023095","https://openalex.org/W125325933","https://openalex.org/W2941176721","https://openalex.org/W2051773733","https://openalex.org/W3015660457","https://openalex.org/W2909333182","https://openalex.org/W4241993668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,34],"describes":[2],"the":[3,78,83,87,113,132,135,148,182,187,221,227],"design,":[4],"deployment,":[5],"and":[6,63,80,154,206,213],"empirical":[7,38],"evaluation":[8],"of":[9,32,40,68,77,134,186,229,241],"WIISARD":[10,50,201],"-":[11,92,103],"a":[12,46,126,156,166,203],"novel":[13],"emergency":[14,188,234],"response":[15,189,235],"system":[16],"that":[17,43,181],"provides":[18],"reliable":[19,108,231],"communication":[20,27,212,232],"in":[21,48,86,93,233,239],"dynamic":[22],"wireless":[23],"environments":[24],"without":[25],"extensive":[26],"infrastructure.":[28],"The":[29,57,66,89,143],"main":[30],"contribution":[31],"this":[33,111],"is":[35,51,130,140,151,171],"an":[36],"in-depth":[37],"study":[39],"network":[41,176,242],"properties":[42,67],"emerge":[44],"during":[45,147,220],"drill":[47,58,79,222],"which":[49,94],"deployed":[52],"with":[53,236],"minimal":[54,237],"infrastructure":[55,238],"support.":[56],"involves":[59],"19":[60],"first":[61,72],"responders":[62,73,95,116,129,139],"41":[64],"victims.":[65],"links":[69],"established":[70],"among":[71],"vary":[74],"between":[75,115,128,137],"phases":[76],"depend":[81],"upon":[82],"responder's":[84],"role":[85],"drill.":[88],"rescue":[90,149],"phase":[91,150],"are":[96,117,121,161],"highly":[97],"mobile":[98],"as":[99],"they":[100,120],"triage":[101],"victims":[102],"poses":[104],"significant":[105],"challenges":[106],"to":[107,194,216],"communication.":[109],"During":[110],"phase,":[112],"contacts":[114],"short-lived;":[118],"however,":[119],"reestablished":[122],"within":[123],"minutes.":[124],"Once":[125],"contact":[127],"established,":[131],"quality":[133],"link":[136],"those":[138],"usually":[141,152],"high.":[142],"connectivity":[144],"graph":[145],"observed":[146],"connected":[153],"has":[155,165],"small":[157],"diameter":[158,168],"although":[159],"there":[160],"times":[162],"when":[163],"it":[164,170],"large":[167],"or":[169],"partitioned.":[172],"While":[173],"mobility":[174,183],"increases":[175],"dynamics,":[177],"we":[178],"also":[179],"observe":[180],"patterns":[184],"characteristic":[185],"workflow":[190],"can":[191],"be":[192],"leveraged":[193],"disseminate":[195],"data":[196,199,208,214],"efficiently":[197],"through":[198,210],"muling.":[200],"employs":[202],"gossip-based":[204],"protocol":[205],"supports":[207],"dissemination":[209],"local":[211],"muling":[215],"achieve":[217],"98%":[218],"reliability":[219],"exercise.":[223],"These":[224],"results":[225],"indicate":[226],"feasibility":[228],"providing":[230],"spite":[240],"dynamics.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
