{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125901106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2254756.2254766","title":"Workload analysis of a large-scale key-value store","display_name":"Workload analysis of a large-scale key-value store","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125901106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2254756.2254766","mag":"2125901106"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2254756.2254766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2254756.2254766","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGMETRICS/PERFORMANCE joint international conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025986636","display_name":"Berk Atikoglu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berk Atikoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA","Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050689890","display_name":"Yuehai Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuehai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054975473","display_name":"Eitan Frachtenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-1829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eitan Frachtenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook, Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101421445","display_name":"Song Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-9008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wayne State University, Detroit, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wayne State University, Detroit, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049995652","display_name":"Mike Paleczny","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Paleczny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook, Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":117.5875,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":904,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99975786,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"53","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.8176262378692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7435033321380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.7400532960891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7123439908027649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.7074960470199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.5401275753974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","score":0.5361748933792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.5267830491065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5229302644729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.47694364190101624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3289259076118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3234249949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2918895483016968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.18479281663894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.14015859365463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.8176262378692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7435033321380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.7400532960891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7123439908027649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7074960470199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5401275753974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5361748933792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.5267830491065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5229302644729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.47694364190101624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3289259076118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3234249949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2918895483016968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18479281663894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.14015859365463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2254756.2254766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2254756.2254766","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGMETRICS/PERFORMANCE joint international conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.259.9169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.259.9169","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://frachtenberg.com/eitan/pubs/papers/atikoglu12%3Aworkload.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.301.2669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.301.2669","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ece.eng.wayne.edu/~sjiang/pubs/papers/atikoglu12-memcached.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1236737278","https://openalex.org/W1506099691","https://openalex.org/W1543886729","https://openalex.org/W1571812940","https://openalex.org/W1677118421","https://openalex.org/W1734799737","https://openalex.org/W1772464603","https://openalex.org/W1820389309","https://openalex.org/W1838765419","https://openalex.org/W1993460946","https://openalex.org/W2010628428","https://openalex.org/W2061048015","https://openalex.org/W2072853307","https://openalex.org/W2077850713","https://openalex.org/W2095192766","https://openalex.org/W2099374284","https://openalex.org/W2110423232","https://openalex.org/W2111470409","https://openalex.org/W2112053513","https://openalex.org/W2117339850","https://openalex.org/W2133262092","https://openalex.org/W2133394135","https://openalex.org/W2137292471","https://openalex.org/W2144857621","https://openalex.org/W2145574464","https://openalex.org/W2149509741","https://openalex.org/W2153704625","https://openalex.org/W2163750144","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6634338661","https://openalex.org/W6637299323"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000785801","https://openalex.org/W986318368","https://openalex.org/W2384410913","https://openalex.org/W2352878646","https://openalex.org/W2004734601","https://openalex.org/W2130149817","https://openalex.org/W2990194547","https://openalex.org/W1480123525","https://openalex.org/W2620865396","https://openalex.org/W2414054180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Key-value":[0],"stores":[1],"are":[2,20],"a":[3,47,132,164,168,191,204,211],"vital":[4],"component":[5],"in":[6,28,178,226],"many":[7,155,200],"scale-out":[8],"enterprises,":[9],"including":[10],"social":[11],"networks,":[12],"online":[13],"retail,":[14],"and":[15,38,119,125,215,222],"risk":[16],"analysis.":[17],"Accordingly,":[18],"they":[19],"receiving":[21],"increased":[22],"attention":[23],"from":[24,84,99,112],"the":[25,64,89,110,136,142,150,158,179,230,239],"research":[26],"community":[27],"an":[29],"effort":[30],"to":[31,72,140],"improve":[32],"their":[33],"performance,":[34],"scalability,":[35],"reliability,":[36],"cost,":[37],"power":[39],"consumption.":[40],"To":[41,76],"be":[42],"effective,":[43],"such":[44,196],"efforts":[45],"require":[46],"detailed":[48,82],"understanding":[49],"of":[50,63,135,144,157,166,171,183,202],"realistic":[51,146],"key-value":[52],"workloads.":[53],"And":[54],"yet":[55],"little":[56],"is":[57,174,217],"known":[58],"about":[59],"these":[60],"workloads":[61,111,148],"outside":[62],"companies":[65],"that":[66,173,237],"operate":[67],"them.":[68],"This":[69],"paper":[70],"aims":[71],"address":[73,238],"this":[74,77],"gap.":[75],"end,":[78],"we":[79,233],"have":[80],"collected":[81],"traces":[83,93],"Facebook\u2019s":[85],"Memcached":[86,102,184],"deployment,":[87],"arguably":[88],"world\u2019s":[90],"largest.":[91],"The":[92],"capture":[94],"over":[95,105],"284":[96],"billion":[97],"requests":[98],"five":[100],"different":[101],"use":[103,127],"cases":[104],"several":[106,235],"days.":[107],"We":[108,129],"analyze":[109],"multiple":[113],"angles,":[114],"including:":[115],"request":[116],"composition,":[117],"size,":[118],"rate;":[120,214],"cache":[121],"efficacy;":[122],"temporal":[123],"patterns;":[124],"application":[126],"cases.":[128],"also":[130,162],"propose":[131],"simple":[133],"model":[134],"most":[137],"representative":[138],"trace":[139],"enable":[141],"generation":[143],"more":[145,186],"synthetic":[147],"by":[149],"community.":[151],"Our":[152],"analysis":[153],"details":[154],"characteristics":[156],"caching":[159],"workload.":[160],"It":[161],"reveals":[163],"number":[165],"surprises:":[167],"GET/SET":[169],"ratio":[170],"30:1":[172],"higher":[175],"than":[176,190],"assumed":[177],"literature;":[180],"some":[181],"applications":[182],"behave":[185],"like":[187],"persistent":[188],"storage":[189],"cache;":[192],"strong":[193],"locality":[194],"metrics,":[195],"as":[197],"keys":[198],"accessed":[199],"millions":[201],"times":[203],"day,":[205],"do":[206],"not":[207],"always":[208],"suffice":[209],"for":[210,220],"high":[212],"hit":[213,223],"there":[216],"still":[218],"room":[219],"efficiency":[221],"rate":[224],"improvements":[225],"Memcached\u2019s":[227],"implementation.":[228],"Toward":[229],"last":[231],"point,":[232],"make":[234],"suggestions":[236],"exposed":[240],"deficiencies.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":84},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":99},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":116},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
