{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157956640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2248371.2248400","title":"Enforcing dynamic spectrum access with spectrum permits","display_name":"Enforcing dynamic spectrum access with spectrum permits","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157956640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2248371.2248400","mag":"2157956640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2248371.2248400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2248371.2248400","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM international symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050067325","display_name":"Lei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8732-3675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066916314","display_name":"Zengbin Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zengbin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108248360","display_name":"Ben Y. Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8909-0494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Y. Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022177364","display_name":"Christopher Kruegel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-3414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Kruegel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022672030","display_name":"Hai-Tao Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5128-5649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2169,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95862983,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"195","last_page":"204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7637120485305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.6854014992713928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6191778779029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6089006662368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5544483065605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5247169733047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.4869047701358795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.45450741052627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4542087912559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patrolling","display_name":"Patrolling","score":0.44776731729507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-intrusion-prevention-system","display_name":"Wireless intrusion prevention system","score":0.41190189123153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33528369665145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.2505159378051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.21797245740890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wi-fi","display_name":"Wi-Fi","score":0.08514964580535889}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7637120485305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.6854014992713928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6191778779029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6089006662368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5544483065605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5247169733047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.4869047701358795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.45450741052627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4542087912559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110698143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q651389","display_name":"Patrolling","level":2,"score":0.44776731729507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121286152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026893","display_name":"Wireless intrusion prevention system","level":5,"score":0.41190189123153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33528369665145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2505159378051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.21797245740890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508800617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29643","display_name":"Wi-Fi","level":4,"score":0.08514964580535889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2248371.2248400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2248371.2248400","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM international symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.229.4246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.229.4246","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cs.ucsb.edu/%7Eravenben/publications/pdf/gelato-mobihoc12.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.300.3864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.300.3864","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cs.ucsb.edu/~ravenben/publications/pdf/gelato-mobihoc12.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66471175","https://openalex.org/W1566105767","https://openalex.org/W1600255172","https://openalex.org/W1693562991","https://openalex.org/W1984876230","https://openalex.org/W2000053617","https://openalex.org/W2092194218","https://openalex.org/W2093935141","https://openalex.org/W2099817583","https://openalex.org/W2100139208","https://openalex.org/W2103954203","https://openalex.org/W2109927551","https://openalex.org/W2110099156","https://openalex.org/W2113446256","https://openalex.org/W2113749736","https://openalex.org/W2120636900","https://openalex.org/W2124038145","https://openalex.org/W2124280970","https://openalex.org/W2129648867","https://openalex.org/W2131271526","https://openalex.org/W2139325423","https://openalex.org/W2151946103","https://openalex.org/W2153644609","https://openalex.org/W2155886813","https://openalex.org/W2159126760","https://openalex.org/W2167082268","https://openalex.org/W2167762629","https://openalex.org/W2168821867","https://openalex.org/W2171090088","https://openalex.org/W2171183905","https://openalex.org/W2252538062","https://openalex.org/W2535052126","https://openalex.org/W2610335499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545213287","https://openalex.org/W2336181987","https://openalex.org/W2054719951","https://openalex.org/W4389477274","https://openalex.org/W3089664461","https://openalex.org/W2786459840","https://openalex.org/W2381640075","https://openalex.org/W1670366734","https://openalex.org/W3040860231","https://openalex.org/W2799931104"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dynamic":[0],"spectrum":[1,56,77,108,121,128,152,158],"access":[2],"is":[3,78],"a":[4,30,40,116,157],"maturing":[5],"technology":[6],"that":[7,162],"allows":[8],"next":[9],"generation":[10],"wireless":[11,19],"devices":[12,137,140],"to":[13,43,51,74,102,106,118,138],"make":[14],"highly":[15],"efficient":[16],"use":[17],"of":[18,83,95,151],"spectrum.":[20],"Spectrum":[21],"can":[22,89],"be":[23],"allocated":[24,97],"on":[25,92,148,170],"an":[26,87],"on-demand":[27],"basis":[28],"for":[29],"given":[31],"geographic":[32],"location,":[33],"time":[34],"duration":[35],"and":[36,65,70,154,167],"frequency":[37],"range.":[38],"However,":[39],"major":[41],"obstacle":[42],"adoption":[44],"remains.":[45],"There":[46],"are":[47],"no":[48],"effective":[49],"solutions":[50],"protect":[52],"licensed":[53],"users":[54,59,125],"from":[55],"misuse,":[57],"where":[58,123],"transmit":[60,91],"without":[61,142],"properly":[62],"licensing":[63,109],"spectrum,":[64],"in":[66],"doing":[67],"so,":[68],"interfere":[69],"disrupt":[71],"legitimate":[72,171],"flows":[73],"whom":[75],"the":[76,81,149],"assigned.":[79],"Given":[80],"flexibility":[82],"today's":[84],"cognitive":[85],"radios,":[86],"application":[88],"easily":[90],"frequencies":[93],"outside":[94],"its":[96],"range,":[98],"either":[99],"accidentally":[100],"due":[101],"misconfiguration,":[103],"or":[104],"intentionally":[105],"avoid":[107],"costs.":[110],"In":[111],"this":[112],"paper,":[113],"we":[114],"propose":[115],"system":[117,161],"secure":[119,127],"dynamic":[120],"transmissions,":[122,132],"authorized":[124],"embed":[126],"permits":[129],"into":[130],"data":[131,172],"thus":[133],"enabling":[134],"patrolling":[135],"trusted":[136],"detect":[139],"transmitting":[141],"authorization.":[143],"We":[144],"focus":[145],"our":[146],"attention":[147],"development":[150],"permits,":[153],"describe":[155],"Gelato,":[156],"misuse":[159],"detection":[160],"minimizes":[163],"both":[164],"hardware":[165],"costs":[166],"performance":[168],"overhead":[169],"transmissions.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
