{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2074834475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2213977.2213999","title":"Time-space tradeoffs in resolution","display_name":"Time-space tradeoffs in resolution","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2074834475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2213977.2213999","mag":"2074834475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2213977.2213999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2213977.2213999","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the forty-fourth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042076941","display_name":"Paul Beame","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-3545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Beame","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043942140","display_name":"Chris Beck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2995-7568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Beck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","Princeton University , Princeton, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University , Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002208831","display_name":"Russell Impagliazzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3236-9796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40036882","display_name":"Institute for Advanced Study","ror":"https://ror.org/00f809463","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40036882"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russell Impagliazzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego &amp; Institute for Advanced Study, San Diego, CA, USA","University of California San Diego & Institute for Advanced Study, San Diego, CA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego &amp; Institute for Advanced Study, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I40036882"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego & Institute for Advanced Study, San Diego, CA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042076941"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9796,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95593101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"213","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.7771831154823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.7567381858825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6202211380004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.5745383501052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-logarithm","display_name":"Binary logarithm","score":0.5571491718292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.5340157151222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/log-log-plot","display_name":"Log-log plot","score":0.5202149748802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.4933997690677643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.41537168622016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3839882016181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.1867142617702484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14789578318595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.13726899027824402}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.7771831154823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.7567381858825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6202211380004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.5745383501052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63553672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581168","display_name":"Binary logarithm","level":2,"score":0.5571491718292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.5340157151222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195292467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091879","display_name":"Log-log plot","level":3,"score":0.5202149748802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.4933997690677643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.41537168622016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3839882016181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1867142617702484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14789578318595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.13726899027824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2213977.2213999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2213977.2213999","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the forty-fourth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34890220","https://openalex.org/W255293273","https://openalex.org/W1567846816","https://openalex.org/W1607926272","https://openalex.org/W1979753555","https://openalex.org/W2006367699","https://openalex.org/W2040813688","https://openalex.org/W2048051309","https://openalex.org/W2063264061","https://openalex.org/W2064995417","https://openalex.org/W2066947547","https://openalex.org/W2069767473","https://openalex.org/W2070017679","https://openalex.org/W2086897006","https://openalex.org/W2092984557","https://openalex.org/W2093224650","https://openalex.org/W2096307462","https://openalex.org/W2097113315","https://openalex.org/W2099856971","https://openalex.org/W2100714716","https://openalex.org/W2109895531","https://openalex.org/W2117461856","https://openalex.org/W2122782108","https://openalex.org/W2129413084","https://openalex.org/W2130847546","https://openalex.org/W2133527541","https://openalex.org/W2139442450","https://openalex.org/W2154976719","https://openalex.org/W2432613424","https://openalex.org/W2911267893","https://openalex.org/W2950374629","https://openalex.org/W2985351939","https://openalex.org/W3021939903","https://openalex.org/W3082353674","https://openalex.org/W3101351575","https://openalex.org/W3103993477","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035522910","https://openalex.org/W2005615533","https://openalex.org/W4243665620","https://openalex.org/W1529311266","https://openalex.org/W2047234016","https://openalex.org/W2052169362","https://openalex.org/W1608733163","https://openalex.org/W2623150993","https://openalex.org/W1983915440","https://openalex.org/W3095925971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"give":[1],"the":[2],"first":[3],"time-space":[4],"tradeoff":[5,76],"lower":[6],"bounds":[7],"for":[8,49],"Resolution":[9,29,44,52],"proofs":[10],"that":[11,20,27],"apply":[12],"to":[13,78],"superlinear":[14],"space.":[15],"In":[16],"particular,":[17],"we":[18],"show":[19],"there":[21],"are":[22],"formulas":[23,42],"of":[24,31,46],"size":[25,34],"N":[26,38],"have":[28,43],"refutations":[30,45],"space":[32,47,55,81],"and":[33,57],"each":[35],"roughly":[36],"Nlog2":[37],"(and":[39],"like":[40],"all":[41,79],"N)":[48],"which":[50],"any":[51],"refutation":[53],"using":[54],"S":[56],"length":[58],"T":[59,61],"requires":[60],"\u2265":[62],"(N0.58":[63],"log2":[64],"N/S)\u03a9(log":[65],"log":[66,68,69],"N/log":[67],"N).":[70],"By":[71],"downward":[72],"translation,":[73],"a":[74],"similar":[75],"applies":[77],"smaller":[80],"bounds.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
