{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967071175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2209249.2209262","title":"Google's hybrid approach to research","display_name":"Google's hybrid approach to research","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967071175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2209249.2209262","mag":"1967071175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2209249.2209262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2209249.2209262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113516216","display_name":"Alfred Z. Spector","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfred Spector","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc","GOOGLE INC "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GOOGLE INC ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080389385","display_name":"Peter Norvig","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Norvig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc","GOOGLE INC "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GOOGLE INC ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062886906","display_name":"Slav Petrov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5505-4861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Slav Petrov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc","GOOGLE INC "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GOOGLE INC ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5937,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96178957,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"7","first_page":"34","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11937","display_name":"Research Data Management Practices","score":0.9373999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6118572354316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4998002052307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-development","display_name":"Research development","score":0.4784550666809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.469165176153183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3415377140045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10418429970741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.08225658535957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.0670006275177002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6118572354316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4998002052307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778734332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315082","display_name":"Research development","level":3,"score":0.4784550666809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.469165176153183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3415377140045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10418429970741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.08225658535957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0670006275177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2209249.2209262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2209249.2209262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W154555731","https://openalex.org/W585580136","https://openalex.org/W1734538896","https://openalex.org/W1979461265","https://openalex.org/W1981420413","https://openalex.org/W2016331831","https://openalex.org/W2024716653","https://openalex.org/W2026609075","https://openalex.org/W2083820551","https://openalex.org/W2101096097","https://openalex.org/W2108730907","https://openalex.org/W2119565742","https://openalex.org/W2173213060","https://openalex.org/W2624304035","https://openalex.org/W2899506040","https://openalex.org/W4238584892","https://openalex.org/W4388151611"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"By":[0],"closely":[1],"connecting":[2],"research":[3],"and":[4],"development":[5],"Google":[6],"is":[7],"able":[8],"to":[9],"conduct":[10],"experiments":[11],"on":[12],"an":[13],"unprecedented":[14],"scale,":[15],"often":[16],"resulting":[17],"in":[18],"new":[19],"capabilities":[20],"for":[21],"the":[22],"company.":[23]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}