{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2034151228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2187980.2188144","title":"APOLLO","display_name":"APOLLO","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2034151228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2187980.2188144","mag":"2034151228"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2187980.2188144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2187980.2188144","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101956272","display_name":"Wei Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3479-1165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100630868","display_name":"Jianyong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7555-170X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianyong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113394742","display_name":"Ping Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["HP Labs China, Beijing, China","HP Labs China Beijing, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Labs China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Labs China Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340934","display_name":"Min Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-1266"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["HP Labs China, Beijing, China","HP Labs China Beijing, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Labs China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Labs China Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2602,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48276735,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"595","last_page":"596"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8381145000457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.7821357846260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apollo","display_name":"Apollo","score":0.6843894720077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6291270852088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entity-linking","display_name":"Entity linking","score":0.5937958359718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-ontology","display_name":"Upper ontology","score":0.5667537450790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5194711089134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-inference-layer","display_name":"Ontology Inference Layer","score":0.5082201957702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4617702066898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.4473702311515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suggested-upper-merged-ontology","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","score":0.4320257306098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3866910934448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3831841051578522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33689624071121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/owl-s","display_name":"OWL-S","score":0.28090333938598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.2311013638973236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web-stack","display_name":"Semantic Web Stack","score":0.13263550400733948}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8381145000457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.7821357846260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779821442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41633","display_name":"Apollo","level":2,"score":0.6843894720077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6291270852088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96711827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012245","display_name":"Entity linking","level":3,"score":0.5937958359718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78726541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882785","display_name":"Upper ontology","level":3,"score":0.5667537450790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5194711089134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115408247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882789","display_name":"Ontology Inference Layer","level":5,"score":0.5082201957702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4617702066898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.4473702311515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50971890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7635093","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","level":4,"score":0.4320257306098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3866910934448242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3831841051578522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33689624071121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2553356","display_name":"OWL-S","level":4,"score":0.28090333938598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.2311013638973236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167379230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026884","display_name":"Semantic Web Stack","level":3,"score":0.13263550400733948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2187980.2188144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2187980.2188144","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1960027552","https://openalex.org/W2056021151","https://openalex.org/W2096820050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W26549824","https://openalex.org/W2363188691","https://openalex.org/W2130691104","https://openalex.org/W2066689607","https://openalex.org/W1977671906","https://openalex.org/W1992571953","https://openalex.org/W2015306306","https://openalex.org/W184491905","https://openalex.org/W2357775360","https://openalex.org/W2376385420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatically":[0],"populating":[1],"ontology":[2,48,78],"with":[3,70,104],"named":[4,51,105],"entities":[5],"extracted":[6],"from":[7],"the":[8,28,38,43,47,57,66,77,89,109,115,134],"unstructured":[9],"text":[10],"has":[11,129],"become":[12],"a":[13,96],"key":[14],"issue":[15,20],"for":[16,27,56,101],"Semantic":[17],"Web.":[18],"This":[19,92],"naturally":[21],"consists":[22],"of":[23,88,136],"two":[24,90],"subtasks:":[25],"(1)":[26],"entity":[29,33,52,58,62,75,80],"mention":[30,59],"whose":[31,60],"mapping":[32,61,72],"does":[34],"not":[35],"exist":[36],"in":[37,46,65,76,114],"ontology,":[39,67],"attach":[40],"it":[41,69],"to":[42,117,132],"right":[44],"category":[45],"(i.e.,":[49,79],"fine-grained":[50],"classification),":[53],"and":[54],"(2)":[55],"is":[63],"contained":[64],"link":[68],"its":[71],"real":[73],"world":[74],"linking).":[81],"Previous":[82],"studies":[83],"only":[84],"focus":[85],"on":[86,124],"one":[87],"subtasks.":[91],"paper":[93],"proposes":[94],"APOLLO,":[95],"general":[97],"weakly":[98],"supervised":[99],"frAmework":[100],"POpuLating":[102],"ontoLOgy":[103],"entities.":[106],"APOLLO":[107],"leverages":[108],"rich":[110],"semantic":[111],"knowledge":[112],"embedded":[113],"Wikipedia":[116],"resolve":[118],"this":[119],"task":[120],"via":[121],"random":[122],"walks":[123],"graphs.":[125],"An":[126],"experimental":[127],"study":[128],"been":[130],"conducted":[131],"show":[133],"effectiveness":[135],"APOLLO.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
