{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103063352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2187836.2187863","title":"Spotting fake reviewer groups in consumer reviews","display_name":"Spotting fake reviewer groups in consumer reviews","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103063352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2187836.2187863","mag":"2103063352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2187836.2187863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2187836.2187863","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st international conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078060919","display_name":"Arjun Mukherjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8896-604X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arjun Mukherjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339927","display_name":"Bing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4096-6980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075512877","display_name":"Natalie Glance","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalie Glance","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA","[Google Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Google Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":40.8015,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":761,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99976422,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"191","last_page":"200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spamming","display_name":"Spamming","score":0.8075569868087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6644450426101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.5398264527320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collusion","display_name":"Collusion","score":0.5304056406021118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.529017448425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.46808940172195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.4665999412536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.45524662733078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4295247197151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4080588221549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3848256766796112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33450180292129517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.33010438084602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.32680583000183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.2114349603652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11762437224388123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158955206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83058","display_name":"Spamming","level":3,"score":0.8075569868087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6644450426101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.5398264527320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701521","display_name":"Collusion","level":2,"score":0.5304056406021118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.529017448425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.46808940172195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.4665999412536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45524662733078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4295247197151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4080588221549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3848256766796112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33450180292129517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.33010438084602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32680583000183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2114349603652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11762437224388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2187836.2187863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2187836.2187863","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st international conference on World Wide Web","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.220.8991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.220.8991","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.uic.edu/%7Eliub/publications/WWW-2012-group-spam-camera-final.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69239580","https://openalex.org/W106005634","https://openalex.org/W1484413656","https://openalex.org/W1506285740","https://openalex.org/W1513339763","https://openalex.org/W1520914943","https://openalex.org/W1574862351","https://openalex.org/W1585743408","https://openalex.org/W1775665607","https://openalex.org/W1973435495","https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W1983711973","https://openalex.org/W1988189801","https://openalex.org/W2012422639","https://openalex.org/W2021093430","https://openalex.org/W2047221353","https://openalex.org/W2047756776","https://openalex.org/W2059640750","https://openalex.org/W2066055909","https://openalex.org/W2073562093","https://openalex.org/W2087294982","https://openalex.org/W2089124807","https://openalex.org/W2097436041","https://openalex.org/W2098329110","https://openalex.org/W2105689297","https://openalex.org/W2112213600","https://openalex.org/W2118942057","https://openalex.org/W2120926619","https://openalex.org/W2128509431","https://openalex.org/W2131221379","https://openalex.org/W2131795306","https://openalex.org/W2138621811","https://openalex.org/W2143331230","https://openalex.org/W2143554828","https://openalex.org/W2149427297","https://openalex.org/W2151450030","https://openalex.org/W2159359879","https://openalex.org/W2161283199","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2894656633","https://openalex.org/W4236789328","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6628750762","https://openalex.org/W6672558716"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987732684","https://openalex.org/W2286465138","https://openalex.org/W637393809","https://openalex.org/W3197131596","https://openalex.org/W2808742736","https://openalex.org/W4390616380","https://openalex.org/W3093378453","https://openalex.org/W3117518059","https://openalex.org/W3173323650","https://openalex.org/W3168189460"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Opinionated":[0],"social":[1],"media":[2],"such":[3,57],"as":[4,97],"product":[5,109],"reviews":[6,49,59,72,195],"are":[7],"now":[8],"widely":[9],"used":[10],"by":[11,34],"individuals":[12],"and":[13,55,73,160,171,196,262],"organizations":[14],"for":[15,225],"their":[16],"decision":[17],"making.":[18],"However,":[19,77],"due":[20,110],"to":[21,30,41,50,89,111,124,139,175,201,264],"the":[22,32,104,107,120,154,165,215,220,230,238,249,257],"reason":[23],"of":[24,84,103,143,187,229,233],"profit":[25],"or":[26,43],"fame,":[27],"people":[28],"try":[29],"game":[31],"system":[33],"opinion":[35,66],"spamming":[36],"(e.g.,":[37],"writing":[38],"fake":[39,71,75,79,91,126,158,177,188,194,205],"reviews)":[40,92],"promote":[42],"demote":[44],"some":[45],"target":[46,108],"products.":[47],"For":[48],"reflect":[51],"genuine":[52],"user":[53],"experiences":[54],"opinions,":[56],"spam":[58,67,117,226],"should":[60],"be":[61],"detected.":[62],"Prior":[63],"works":[64],"on":[65,69,106,164],"focused":[68],"detecting":[70],"individual":[74,169,193],"reviewers.":[76],"a":[78,134,141,184],"reviewer":[80,127,178,189,206],"group":[81,83],"(a":[82],"reviewers":[85,159,197],"who":[86],"work":[87],"collaboratively":[88],"write":[90],"is":[93,198,208],"even":[94],"more":[95],"damaging":[96],"they":[98,173],"can":[99],"take":[100],"total":[101],"control":[102],"sentiment":[105],"its":[112],"size.":[113],"This":[114],"paper":[115],"studies":[116],"detection":[118,227],"in":[119],"collaborative":[121],"setting,":[122],"i.e.,":[123],"discover":[125],"groups.":[128,145,179,190],"The":[129],"proposed":[130,216,250],"method":[131,138,251],"first":[132],"uses":[133,148],"frequent":[135],"itemset":[136],"mining":[137],"find":[140],"set":[142],"candidate":[144],"It":[146],"then":[147],"several":[149],"behavioral":[150],"models":[151,162],"derived":[152],"from":[153,219],"collusion":[155],"phenomenon":[156],"among":[157,167],"relation":[161],"based":[163],"relationships":[166],"groups,":[168],"reviewers,":[170],"products":[172],"reviewed":[174],"detect":[176],"Additionally,":[180],"we":[181],"also":[182,212],"built":[183],"labeled":[185],"dataset":[186],"Although":[191],"labeling":[192,204],"very":[199],"hard,":[200],"our":[202,234],"surprise":[203],"groups":[207],"much":[209],"easier.":[210],"We":[211],"note":[213],"that":[214,248],"technique":[217],"departs":[218],"traditional":[221],"supervised":[222,240,259],"learning":[223,241,263],"approach":[224,242],"because":[228],"inherent":[231],"nature":[232],"problem":[235],"which":[236],"makes":[237],"classic":[239],"less":[243],"effective.":[244],"Experimental":[245],"results":[246],"show":[247],"outperforms":[252],"multiple":[253],"strong":[254],"baselines":[255],"including":[256],"state-of-the-art":[258],"classification,":[260],"regression,":[261],"rank":[265],"algorithms.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":85},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}