{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014710242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2168752.2168757","title":"Robust Visual Tracking Using an Effective Appearance Model Based on Sparse Coding","display_name":"Robust Visual Tracking Using an Effective Appearance Model Based on Sparse Coding","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014710242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2168752.2168757","mag":"2014710242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2168752.2168757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2168752.2168757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084025984","display_name":"Shengping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5200-3420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Science and Technology on Avionics Integration Laboratory","Harbin Institute of Technology, Science and Technology on Avionics Integration Laboratory#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Science and Technology on Avionics Integration Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Science and Technology on Avionics Integration Laboratory#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023274785","display_name":"Hongxun Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3298-2574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongxun Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084483088","display_name":"Xin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-7522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445780","display_name":"Shaohui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1810-5412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaohui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2643,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97035008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9753999710083008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8782828450202942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7650205492973328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-coding","display_name":"Neural coding","score":0.6677249073982239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6324993968009949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5191571116447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.5055766105651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.48337095975875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.47299060225486755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4377375841140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4254823625087738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.4168490469455719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camouflage","display_name":"Camouflage","score":0.4113858938217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.21941998600959778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8782828450202942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7650205492973328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77637269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002051","display_name":"Neural coding","level":2,"score":0.6677249073982239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6324993968009949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5191571116447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.5055766105651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.48337095975875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.47299060225486755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4377375841140747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4254823625087738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.4168490469455719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776196576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196113","display_name":"Camouflage","level":2,"score":0.4113858938217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21941998600959778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2168752.2168757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2168752.2168757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492086750","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","issn_l":"2157-6904","issn":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5559588790","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61071180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483307070","https://openalex.org/W1513768190","https://openalex.org/W1538021842","https://openalex.org/W1562664311","https://openalex.org/W1965400417","https://openalex.org/W1972778882","https://openalex.org/W1972890596","https://openalex.org/W2003184090","https://openalex.org/W2027806634","https://openalex.org/W2027914108","https://openalex.org/W2038735287","https://openalex.org/W2065392741","https://openalex.org/W2066770733","https://openalex.org/W2082855665","https://openalex.org/W2099741732","https://openalex.org/W2101933716","https://openalex.org/W2107055466","https://openalex.org/W2110744759","https://openalex.org/W2111918405","https://openalex.org/W2118572719","https://openalex.org/W2121193292","https://openalex.org/W2122675580","https://openalex.org/W2125162832","https://openalex.org/W2125907508","https://openalex.org/W2126430831","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2130982917","https://openalex.org/W2132103241","https://openalex.org/W2134809020","https://openalex.org/W2137234026","https://openalex.org/W2139047213","https://openalex.org/W2141224535","https://openalex.org/W2143994941","https://openalex.org/W2145889472","https://openalex.org/W2146474141","https://openalex.org/W2149027517","https://openalex.org/W2149540958","https://openalex.org/W2150000644","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2159686856","https://openalex.org/W2161406034","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2164452299","https://openalex.org/W2165096258","https://openalex.org/W2165849916","https://openalex.org/W2176418758","https://openalex.org/W2186222003","https://openalex.org/W2293873019","https://openalex.org/W2296616510","https://openalex.org/W2538773003","https://openalex.org/W2540372541","https://openalex.org/W2604292070","https://openalex.org/W2780440136","https://openalex.org/W2986028972","https://openalex.org/W4236965008","https://openalex.org/W4250955649","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2890544631","https://openalex.org/W2067062989","https://openalex.org/W2998105788","https://openalex.org/W4205656132","https://openalex.org/W2111634407","https://openalex.org/W3004790527","https://openalex.org/W2203155458","https://openalex.org/W2783282829","https://openalex.org/W2138494306","https://openalex.org/W2579633471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"video":[1,21],"surveillance":[2,29,38],"is":[3,43,51,199,213,241],"currently":[4],"one":[5],"of":[6,20,28,35,55,69,93,124,137,147,155,206,223],"the":[7,18,56,66,73,122,145,148,152,162,184,203,217,221,224,238],"most":[8],"active":[9],"research":[10],"topics":[11],"in":[12,72,116],"computer":[13,47],"vision,":[14],"especially":[15],"when":[16],"facing":[17],"explosion":[19],"data":[22],"captured":[23],"by":[24,100,129,202,215],"a":[25,32,52,89,134,228],"large":[26,135],"number":[27],"cameras.":[30],"As":[31],"key":[33],"step":[34],"an":[36,105,188],"intelligent":[37],"system,":[39],"robust":[40,165,243],"visual":[41,58,74,117],"tracking":[42],"very":[44],"challenging":[45],"for":[46],"vision.":[48],"However,":[49],"it":[50,87,115],"basic":[53],"functionality":[54],"human":[57],"system":[59],"(HVS).":[60],"Psychophysical":[61],"findings":[62],"have":[63],"shown":[64],"that":[65,180,194,237],"receptive":[67],"fields":[68],"simple":[70],"cells":[71],"cortex":[75],"can":[76],"be":[77],"characterized":[78],"as":[79,141,151],"being":[80],"spatially":[81],"localized,":[82],"oriented,":[83],"and":[84,86,113,143,173,191,227,244],"bandpass,":[85],"forms":[88],"sparse,":[90],"distributed":[91],"representation":[92],"natural":[94,138],"images.":[95],"In":[96,158],"this":[97],"article,":[98],"motivated":[99],"these":[101,156],"findings,":[102],"we":[103,120,176],"propose":[104],"effective":[106,245],"appearance":[107,146],"model":[108,144,226],"based":[109,186],"on":[110,133,187],"sparse":[111],"coding":[112],"apply":[114],"tracking.":[118],"Specifically,":[119],"consider":[121],"responses":[123],"general":[125],"basis":[126],"functions":[127],"extracted":[128],"independent":[130],"component":[131],"analysis":[132],"set":[136],"image":[139],"patches":[140],"features":[142,179],"tracked":[149],"target":[150,185,198,211,225],"probability":[153,204],"distribution":[154,205],"features.":[157,209],"order":[159],"to":[160,166,183],"make":[161],"tracker":[163],"more":[164,242],"partial":[167],"occlusion,":[168],"camouflage":[169],"environments,":[170],"pose":[171],"changes,":[172,175],"illumination":[174],"further":[177],"select":[178],"are":[181,195],"related":[182,208],"entropy-gain":[189],"criterion":[190],"ignore":[192],"those":[193,207],"not.":[196],"The":[197,210,233],"finally":[200],"represented":[201],"search":[212],"performed":[214],"minimizing":[216],"Matusita":[218],"distance":[219],"between":[220],"distributions":[222],"candidate":[229],"using":[230],"Newton-style":[231],"iterations.":[232],"experimental":[234],"results":[235],"validate":[236],"proposed":[239],"method":[240],"than":[246],"three":[247],"state-of-the-art":[248],"methods.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}