{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1969370930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168627","title":"On the conspicuity of 3-D fiducial markers in 2-D projected environments","display_name":"On the conspicuity of 3-D fiducial markers in 2-D projected environments","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1969370930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168627","mag":"1969370930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2168556.2168627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168627","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086172009","display_name":"Andrew D. Ouzts","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew D. Ouzts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052806584","display_name":"Andrew T. Duchowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1681-7878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew T. Duchowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057498712","display_name":"Toni Gomes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toni Gomes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037524407","display_name":"Rupert Andrew Hurley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1321-6439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rupert A. Hurley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1823,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77718894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"325","last_page":"328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiducial-marker","display_name":"Fiducial marker","score":0.8177306056022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.6831904053688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6429992318153381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6072973012924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5974957346916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4567379653453827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.43304771184921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.42100799083709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09610819816589355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173974348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469893","display_name":"Fiducial marker","level":2,"score":0.8177306056022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.6831904053688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6429992318153381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6072973012924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5974957346916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4567379653453827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.43304771184921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.42100799083709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09610819816589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2168556.2168627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168627","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1531622849","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-0850695","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972295879","https://openalex.org/W1989734195","https://openalex.org/W2009623027","https://openalex.org/W2027136107","https://openalex.org/W2050060060","https://openalex.org/W2055139094","https://openalex.org/W2056046632","https://openalex.org/W2061602445","https://openalex.org/W2110213390","https://openalex.org/W2131069089","https://openalex.org/W2136757566","https://openalex.org/W2162727843","https://openalex.org/W2164139712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384788979","https://openalex.org/W2511178891","https://openalex.org/W178060743","https://openalex.org/W2909390414","https://openalex.org/W2126676984","https://openalex.org/W2954509079","https://openalex.org/W2141888607","https://openalex.org/W2753886513","https://openalex.org/W2759990262","https://openalex.org/W2070920257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fiducial":[0],"markers":[1,21,33,53,93,124,140],"are":[2,41,94],"used":[3],"with":[4,118],"head-mounted":[5],"eye":[6,10],"trackers":[7],"to":[8,54,111],"facilitate":[9],"movement":[11],"data":[12],"aggregation":[13],"for":[14],"quantitative":[15],"analysis.":[16],"However,":[17],"use":[18],"of":[19,43,51,123,133,138],"these":[20,91],"may":[22,34],"be":[23,35,62],"problematic":[24],"in":[25,81],"some":[26],"situations":[27],"(e.g.,":[28],"natural":[29],"tasks)":[30],"as":[31],"the":[32,49,101,119,121,129,136,139],"visually":[36],"distracting.":[37],"To":[38],"date,":[39],"we":[40],"aware":[42],"no":[44,107],"study":[45,73],"that":[46,74,88],"has":[47],"examined":[48],"conspicuity":[50,80],"such":[52],"determine":[55],"how":[56],"much":[57],"(if":[58],"any)":[59],"effort":[60,108],"should":[61],"expended":[63],"into":[64],"concealing":[65],"them":[66,113],"from":[67],"view.":[68],"This":[69],"paper":[70],"presents":[71],"a":[72,82,97,142],"examines":[75],"Tobii's":[76],"infra-red":[77],"(IR)":[78],"markers'":[79],"2-D":[83,102],"projected":[84],"environment.":[85],"Results":[86],"indicate":[87],"even":[89],"when":[90,141],"3-D":[92],"superimposed":[95],"on":[96,99,135],"canvas":[98],"which":[100],"environment":[103],"is":[104,109,145],"projected,":[105],"and":[106],"taken":[110],"hide":[112],"(i.e.,":[114],"by":[115],"minimizing":[116],"contrast":[117],"background),":[120],"presence":[122],"does":[125],"not":[126],"significantly":[127],"alter":[128],"number":[130],"or":[131],"duration":[132],"fixations":[134],"location":[137],"specific":[143],"task":[144],"given.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}