{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048968870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168598","title":"Evaluation of pupil center-eye corner vector for gaze estimation using a web cam","display_name":"Evaluation of pupil center-eye corner vector for gaze estimation using a web cam","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048968870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168598","mag":"2048968870"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2168556.2168598","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168598","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050835021","display_name":"Laura Sesma-S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6748-528X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA)","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88155538","display_name":"Universidad de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02rxc7m23","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88155538"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Sesma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public University of Navarra","Public UNiversity of Navarra"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public University of Navarra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016","https://openalex.org/I88155538"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public UNiversity of Navarra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88155538"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087486727","display_name":"Arantxa Villanueva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9822-2530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA)","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88155538","display_name":"Universidad de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02rxc7m23","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88155538"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arantxa Villanueva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public University of Navarra","Public UNiversity of Navarra"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public University of Navarra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016","https://openalex.org/I88155538"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public UNiversity of Navarra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88155538"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066778174","display_name":"Rafael Cabeza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7999-1182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA)","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88155538","display_name":"Universidad de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02rxc7m23","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88155538"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Cabeza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public University of Navarra","Public UNiversity of Navarra"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public University of Navarra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016","https://openalex.org/I88155538"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public UNiversity of Navarra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88155538"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6159,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95841014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"217","last_page":"220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9660000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.815729022026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7787548303604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7455736994743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.715833306312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.6471081376075745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil","display_name":"Pupil","score":0.6408782005310059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5248173475265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.513978898525238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.49172142148017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.46695810556411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4378451108932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1457449495792389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.09073936939239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07068881392478943}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.815729022026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7787548303604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7455736994743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.715833306312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.6471081376075745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.6408782005310059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5248173475265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.513978898525238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.49172142148017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.46695810556411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4378451108932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1457449495792389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.09073936939239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07068881392478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2168556.2168598","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2168556.2168598","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8840943027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TIN2009-12247","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589443630","https://openalex.org/W2071052786","https://openalex.org/W2087277933","https://openalex.org/W2100468230","https://openalex.org/W2104188055","https://openalex.org/W2109088621","https://openalex.org/W2166053089","https://openalex.org/W2167020116","https://openalex.org/W2243948085","https://openalex.org/W2541104746","https://openalex.org/W3147744617"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2625645584","https://openalex.org/W2127677160","https://openalex.org/W2031744515","https://openalex.org/W276445467","https://openalex.org/W1819608382","https://openalex.org/W2062897714","https://openalex.org/W2111222003","https://openalex.org/W2393832074","https://openalex.org/W1544271456","https://openalex.org/W2081799336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"cost":[1,106],"eye":[2,12,35,41,107,140],"tracking":[3,13,16,36,42,75],"is":[4,26,111,126,151],"an":[5],"actual":[6],"challenging":[7],"research":[8],"topic":[9],"for":[10,97],"the":[11,32,118,144,149,157,167,171,176,179],"community.":[14],"Gaze":[15],"based":[17,40,100,130],"on":[18,101,131],"a":[19,27,51,57,74,80,161],"web":[20],"cam":[21,39],"and":[22,56,133],"without":[23],"infrared":[24,64],"light":[25,65],"searched":[28],"goal":[29],"to":[30,47,87,113,117,185],"broaden":[31],"applications":[33],"of":[34,54,156,170,178],"systems.":[37],"Web":[38],"results":[43],"in":[44,104,143],"new":[45],"challenges":[46],"solve":[48],"such":[49],"as":[50,73,95,109],"wider":[52],"field":[53],"view":[55],"lower":[58],"image":[59,145],"quality.":[60],"In":[61,77],"addition,":[62],"no":[63],"implies":[66],"that":[67,139],"glints":[68],"cannot":[69],"be":[70,114],"used":[71],"anymore":[72],"feature.":[76],"this":[78],"paper,":[79],"thorough":[81],"study":[82],"has":[83],"been":[84],"carried":[85,127],"out":[86,128],"evaluate":[88],"pupil":[89,119],"(iris)":[90],"center-eye":[91],"corner":[92,141],"(PC-EC)":[93],"vector":[94],"feature":[96],"gaze":[98,172],"estimation":[99],"interpolation":[102],"methods":[103],"low":[105],"tracking,":[108],"it":[110],"considered":[112],"partially":[115],"equivalent":[116],"center-corneal":[120],"reflection":[121],"(PC-CR)":[122],"vector.":[123],"The":[124,136],"analysis":[125],"both":[129],"simulated":[132],"real":[134],"data.":[135],"experiments":[137],"show":[138],"positions":[142],"move":[146],"slightly":[147],"when":[148],"user":[150],"looking":[152],"at":[153],"different":[154],"points":[155],"screen,":[158],"even":[159],"with":[160],"static":[162],"head":[163],"position.":[164],"This":[165],"lowers":[166],"possible":[168],"accuracy":[169,177],"estimation,":[173],"significantly":[174],"reducing":[175],"system":[180],"under":[181],"standard":[182],"working":[183],"conditions":[184],"2--3":[186],"degrees.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
