{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144007439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2162081.2162087","title":"<i>Code in the air</i>","display_name":"<i>Code in the air</i>","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144007439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2162081.2162087","mag":"2144007439"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2162081.2162087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2162081.2162087","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twelfth Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems &amp; Applications - HotMobile '12","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74112","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027566829","display_name":"Lenin Ravindranath","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lenin Ravindranath","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033860697","display_name":"Arvind Thiagarajan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arvind Thiagarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113516878","display_name":"Hari Balakrishnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hari Balakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037742794","display_name":"Samuel Madden","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Madden","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027566829"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.6576,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98921549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.856229305267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.6850859522819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.6290552020072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5739930272102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5616639852523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5428975820541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.516377329826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4959748685359955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.48538053035736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4405440092086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.42194536328315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3914104700088501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.21296477317810059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.16599604487419128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.14691179990768433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.856229305267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.6850859522819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.6290552020072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5739930272102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5616639852523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5428975820541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.516377329826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4959748685359955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.48538053035736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4405440092086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.42194536328315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3914104700088501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.21296477317810059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.16599604487419128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.14691179990768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2162081.2162087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2162081.2162087","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twelfth Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems &amp; Applications - HotMobile '12","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/74112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MIT web domain","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/74112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MIT web domain","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6234519296","display_name":"CPS:  Medium:  Vehicular Cyber-Physical Systems","funder_award_id":"0931550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6461487933","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"931550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606529605","https://openalex.org/W1607207171","https://openalex.org/W1964375680","https://openalex.org/W2101788345","https://openalex.org/W2106048836","https://openalex.org/W2107093695","https://openalex.org/W2108328714","https://openalex.org/W2108950108","https://openalex.org/W2149708663","https://openalex.org/W2156221064","https://openalex.org/W2162555816","https://openalex.org/W2340749022"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120447654","https://openalex.org/W2977179488","https://openalex.org/W2046765700","https://openalex.org/W2144453115","https://openalex.org/W4384345686","https://openalex.org/W2128223750","https://openalex.org/W262455470","https://openalex.org/W4242899858","https://openalex.org/W4238532390","https://openalex.org/W2311164424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"growing":[1],"class":[2],"of":[3,57,73,97,126,143],"smartphone":[4],"applications":[5,8,39,50,104],"are":[6,67,105,111],"tasking":[7,38,49,144],"that":[9,203],"run":[10],"continuously,":[11],"process":[12],"data":[13,75],"from":[14],"sensors":[15],"to":[16,107,117,151,163,180,188],"determine":[17],"the":[18,32,55,95,133,140],"user's":[19],"context":[20],"(such":[21],"as":[22],"location)":[23],"and":[24,26,87,93,159,183,192,195],"activity,":[25],"optionally":[27],"trigger":[28],"certain":[29,82],"actions":[30],"when":[31,65,76,91],"right":[33],"conditions":[34],"occur.":[35],"Many":[36],"such":[37],"also":[40],"involve":[41],"coordination":[42],"between":[43],"multiple":[44],"users":[45,116,150],"or":[46],"devices.":[47],"Example":[48],"include":[51],"location-based":[52],"reminders,":[53],"changing":[54],"ring-mode":[56],"a":[58,81,136,176,196],"phone":[59],"automatically":[60,85,181],"depending":[61],"on":[62,156],"location,":[63],"notifying":[64],"friends":[66],"nearby,":[68],"disabling":[69],"WiFi":[70],"in":[71,132,207],"favor":[72],"cellular":[74],"moving":[77],"at":[78],"more":[79,160],"than":[80],"speed":[83],"outdoors,":[84],"tracking":[86],"storing":[88],"movement":[89],"tracks":[90],"driving,":[92],"inferring":[94],"number":[96],"steps":[98],"walked":[99],"each":[100],"day.":[101],"Today,":[102],"these":[103],"non-trivial":[106],"develop,":[108],"although":[109],"they":[110],"often":[112],"trivial":[113],"for":[114,166,200],"end":[115,149],"state.":[118],"Additionally,":[119],"simple":[120,154],"implementations":[121],"can":[122],"consume":[123],"excessive":[124],"amounts":[125],"energy.":[127],"This":[128],"paper":[129],"proposes":[130],"Code":[131],"Air":[134],"(CITA),":[135],"system":[137],"which":[138],"simplifies":[139],"rapid":[141],"development":[142],"applications.":[145],"It":[146],"enables":[147],"non-expert":[148],"easily":[152],"express":[153],"tasks":[155,168],"their":[157],"phone,":[158],"sophisticated":[161],"developers":[162],"write":[164],"code":[165],"complex":[167],"by":[169],"writing":[170],"purely":[171],"server-side":[172],"scripts.":[173],"CITA":[174],"provides":[175],"task":[177],"execution":[178],"framework":[179],"distribute":[182],"coordinate":[184],"tasks,":[185],"energy-efficient":[186],"modules":[187],"infer":[189],"user":[190],"activities":[191],"compose":[193],"them,":[194],"push":[197,209],"communication":[198],"service":[199],"mobile":[201],"devices":[202],"overcomes":[204],"some":[205],"shortcomings":[206],"existing":[208],"services.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}