{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008532780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2160673.2160691","title":"A prepaid architecture for solar electricity delivery in rural areas","display_name":"A prepaid architecture for solar electricity delivery in rural areas","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008532780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2160673.2160691","mag":"2008532780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2160673.2160691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2160673.2160691","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018642343","display_name":"Daniel Soto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3103-2366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Soto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY","Columbia University, New York, NY;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014204918","display_name":"Edwin Adkins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Adkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY","Columbia University, New York, NY;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042250733","display_name":"Matt Basinger","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Basinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advancing Energy, Dover, DE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advancing Energy, Dover, DE","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017005305","display_name":"Rajesh Menon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-376X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Menon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY","Columbia University, New York, NY;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049534994","display_name":"Sebastian Rodriguez-Sanchez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Rodriguez-Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY","Columbia University, New York, NY;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062061489","display_name":"Natasha Owczarek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natasha Owczarek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY","Columbia University, New York, NY;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065457333","display_name":"Ivan Willig","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Willig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY","Columbia University, New York, NY;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030137262","display_name":"Vijay Modi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2513-0437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Modi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY","Columbia University, New York, NY;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018642343"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.0794,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98234131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"130","last_page":"138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9685999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm","display_name":"GSM","score":0.7989170551300049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6147899627685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.6129401922225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-message-service","display_name":"Short Message Service","score":0.5991278886795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.5669769048690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5201426148414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5181095004081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone","display_name":"Mobile phone","score":0.5127240419387817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.4985520839691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4943406581878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.4781445264816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4412953555583954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.43199270963668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.37635740637779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.26660987734794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19140291213989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.19064202904701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.1766144335269928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09632459282875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.08622515201568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-radio","display_name":"Mobile radio","score":0.08593469858169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08488026261329651}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59201141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46904","display_name":"GSM","level":2,"score":0.7989170551300049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6147899627685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.6129401922225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74558129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43024","display_name":"Short Message Service","level":2,"score":0.5991278886795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5669769048690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5201426148414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5181095004081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.5127240419387817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.4985520839691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4943406581878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.4781445264816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4412953555583954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.43199270963668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.37635740637779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26660987734794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19140291213989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.19064202904701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1766144335269928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09632459282875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08622515201568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.08593469858169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08488026261329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2160673.2160691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2160673.2160691","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W254480059","https://openalex.org/W1541728651","https://openalex.org/W1964470889","https://openalex.org/W1966532866","https://openalex.org/W1974727401","https://openalex.org/W1988919231","https://openalex.org/W1993068205","https://openalex.org/W2004216675","https://openalex.org/W2012743241","https://openalex.org/W2024837207","https://openalex.org/W2056288776","https://openalex.org/W2082665437","https://openalex.org/W2092315919","https://openalex.org/W2128922451","https://openalex.org/W6679151064"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2351519192","https://openalex.org/W2204562573","https://openalex.org/W2169445799","https://openalex.org/W3184403967","https://openalex.org/W2369938248","https://openalex.org/W2355027841","https://openalex.org/W2392906172","https://openalex.org/W2537727884","https://openalex.org/W2350033736","https://openalex.org/W2046852935"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,56],"paper":[1,40],"demonstrates":[2],"a":[3,12,44,84,97,126],"model":[4],"for":[5,69,74],"electricity":[6],"delivery":[7,24],"and":[8,25,94,137,148],"revenue":[9],"collection":[10],"in":[11,38,78,102,146,151,154],"rural":[13],"context":[14],"with":[15,112],"the":[16,20,49,66,129],"potential":[17],"to":[18,30,48,120,128,142],"increase":[19],"reliability":[21],"of":[22,83,88,109,156],"service":[23],"lower":[26],"operating":[27],"costs":[28],"compared":[29],"traditional":[31],"fixed":[32],"monthly":[33],"fee":[34],"utilities.":[35],"The":[36],"microutility":[37],"this":[39],"provides":[41],"power":[42,110,141],"on":[43],"pre-paid":[45],"basis":[46],"similar":[47],"way":[50],"cellular":[51],"phone":[52],"air-time":[53],"is":[54],"sold.":[55],"system":[57],"uses":[58],"Short":[59],"Message":[60],"Service":[61],"(SMS)":[62],"messages":[63],"sent":[64],"over":[65],"Global":[67],"System":[68],"Mobile":[70],"Communications":[71],"(GSM)":[72],"networks":[73],"communication":[75],"allowing":[76],"installation":[77],"any":[79],"place":[80],"within":[81],"reach":[82],"GSM":[85],"tower.":[86],"Several":[87],"these":[89,103],"individual":[90],"microutilities":[91,133],"are":[92,105,117,118,134],"monitored":[93],"administered":[95],"via":[96],"central":[98],"server.":[99],"These":[100,132],"consumers":[101],"systems":[104],"using":[106],"modest":[107],"amounts":[108],"consistent":[111],"lighting":[113],"usage.":[114],"Some":[115],"customers":[116],"unable":[119],"maintain":[121],"positive":[122],"account":[123],"credit":[124],"suggesting":[125],"benefit":[127],"prepaid":[130],"approach.":[131],"currently":[135],"installed":[136],"have":[138],"been":[139],"providing":[140],"approximately":[143],"170":[144],"households":[145,150],"Mali":[147],"38":[149],"Uganda":[152],"beginning":[153],"April--August":[155],"2011.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}