{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1969082155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2160601.2160604","title":"Digitizing paper forms with mobile imaging technologies","display_name":"Digitizing paper forms with mobile imaging technologies","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1969082155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2160601.2160604","mag":"1969082155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2160601.2160604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2160601.2160604","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Computing for Development","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057564242","display_name":"Nicola Dell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6119-705X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Dell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034734312","display_name":"Nathan Breit","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Breit","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047153813","display_name":"Tim\u00f3teo Chaluco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1287845142","display_name":"VillageReach","ror":"https://ror.org/02dvzgw27","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1287845142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim\u00f3teo Chaluco","raw_affiliation_strings":["VillageReach"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VillageReach","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1287845142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008158649","display_name":"Jessica Crawford","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1287845142","display_name":"VillageReach","ror":"https://ror.org/02dvzgw27","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1287845142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Crawford","raw_affiliation_strings":["VillageReach"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VillageReach","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1287845142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104065501","display_name":"Gaetano Borriello","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaetano Borriello","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2286,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98402844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7722793817520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6410511136054993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6376067399978638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-identification-and-data-capture","display_name":"Automatic identification and data capture","score":0.4661226272583008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.46526435017585754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.46340250968933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4438369870185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3540787696838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2783200144767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.11754196882247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10703763365745544}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7722793817520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6410511136054993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6376067399978638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104582849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787282","display_name":"Automatic identification and data capture","level":2,"score":0.4661226272583008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.46526435017585754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.46340250968933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4438369870185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3540787696838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2783200144767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.11754196882247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10703763365745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2160601.2160604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2160601.2160604","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Computing for Development","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1627400044","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1964470889","https://openalex.org/W1965736998","https://openalex.org/W2013581204","https://openalex.org/W2060300176","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2155514476","https://openalex.org/W2159948904","https://openalex.org/W2169454125","https://openalex.org/W2294798173","https://openalex.org/W6641507186","https://openalex.org/W6683032770"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032233321","https://openalex.org/W3121970507","https://openalex.org/W2110028391","https://openalex.org/W54497855","https://openalex.org/W217960748","https://openalex.org/W3125814499","https://openalex.org/W2033973871","https://openalex.org/W2118163324","https://openalex.org/W4206189216","https://openalex.org/W2562086127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"low-resource":[1],"settings":[2],"in":[3,40,105,109],"developing":[4],"countries,":[5],"most":[6],"records":[7],"are":[8],"still":[9],"captured":[10],"and":[11,31,55,116,127,143],"maintained":[12],"using":[13,60],"paper":[14,25,61,64,79,98,147],"forms.":[15,62,148],"Despite":[16],"a":[17,28,67,83,121,134],"recent":[18],"proliferation":[19],"of":[20,96,118,123,140],"digital":[21],"data":[22,58,77,145],"collection":[23],"systems,":[24],"forms":[26,80,99],"remain":[27],"trusted,":[29],"low-cost":[30],"ubiquitous":[32],"medium":[33],"that":[34,71,81,131,137],"will":[35],"continue":[36],"to":[37,45,52,75,101],"be":[38,50],"utilized":[39],"these":[41],"communities":[42],"for":[43],"years":[44],"come.":[46],"However,":[47],"it":[48],"can":[49],"challenging":[51],"aggregate,":[53],"share,":[54],"analyze":[56],"the":[57,94,114],"collected":[59],"This":[63],"presents":[65],"mScan,":[66],"mobile":[68],"smartphone":[69],"application":[70],"uses":[72],"computer":[73],"vision":[74],"capture":[76],"from":[78,146],"use":[82],"multiple":[84],"choice":[85],"or":[86],"bubble":[87],"format.":[88],"The":[89],"initial":[90],"mScan":[91,119,132],"implementation":[92],"targets":[93],"task":[95],"digitizing":[97,144],"used":[100],"record":[102],"vaccine":[103],"statistics":[104],"rural":[106],"health":[107],"centers":[108],"Mozambique.":[110],"We":[111],"have":[112],"evaluated":[113],"accuracy":[115],"performance":[117],"under":[120],"variety":[122],"different":[124],"environmental":[125],"conditions,":[126],"our":[128],"results":[129],"show":[130],"is":[133,138],"robust":[135],"tool":[136],"capable":[139],"accurately":[141],"capturing":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}