{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099268876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2151024.2151035","title":"Swift","display_name":"Swift","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099268876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2151024.2151035","mag":"2099268876"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2151024.2151035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2151024.2151035","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS conference on Virtual Execution Environments","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368650","display_name":"Yuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5538-1478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Fudan University Shanghai, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University Shanghai, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052437722","display_name":"Min Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9714-5545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Fudan University Shanghai, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University Shanghai, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085149886","display_name":"Bo Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-0897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Fudan University Shanghai, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University Shanghai, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101856258","display_name":"Zhemin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1854-639X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhemin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Fudan University Shanghai, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University Shanghai, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370300","display_name":"Weihua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-1061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Fudan University Shanghai, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University Shanghai, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031955160","display_name":"Binyu Zang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-7645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binyu Zang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China","Fudan University Shanghai, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University Shanghai, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100368650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4503,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82209106,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"63","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bytecode","display_name":"Bytecode","score":0.9217166900634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.883757472038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.6394359469413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java-bytecode","display_name":"Java bytecode","score":0.6046599745750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.6011855006217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5702798962593079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-code","display_name":"Machine code","score":0.5668867230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.5509884357452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/just-in-time-compilation","display_name":"Just-in-time compilation","score":0.5397182106971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/register-allocation","display_name":"Register allocation","score":0.4785881042480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.46278268098831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.4167076349258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3488433361053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java-applet","display_name":"Java applet","score":0.2838558554649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java-annotation","display_name":"Java annotation","score":0.27597519755363464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779818221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837330","display_name":"Bytecode","level":3,"score":0.9217166900634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.883757472038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.6394359469413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777472213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137496","display_name":"Java bytecode","level":5,"score":0.6046599745750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.6011855006217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5702798962593079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115168132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55813","display_name":"Machine code","level":3,"score":0.5668867230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5509884357452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76782552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110546","display_name":"Just-in-time compilation","level":3,"score":0.5397182106971741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128916667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1343660","display_name":"Register allocation","level":3,"score":0.4785881042480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.46278268098831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.4167076349258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3488433361053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15524039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865817","display_name":"Java applet","level":3,"score":0.2838558554649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168702491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567345","display_name":"Java annotation","level":4,"score":0.27597519755363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2151024.2151035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2151024.2151035","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS conference on Virtual Execution Environments","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32659762","https://openalex.org/W57970420","https://openalex.org/W188156789","https://openalex.org/W1598886868","https://openalex.org/W1606217241","https://openalex.org/W1968265824","https://openalex.org/W1983899041","https://openalex.org/W1986991427","https://openalex.org/W1993335798","https://openalex.org/W1999370479","https://openalex.org/W2009927426","https://openalex.org/W2012760068","https://openalex.org/W2013724146","https://openalex.org/W2014977809","https://openalex.org/W2021012717","https://openalex.org/W2033065121","https://openalex.org/W2038670810","https://openalex.org/W2042571389","https://openalex.org/W2065665639","https://openalex.org/W2080698186","https://openalex.org/W2084228484","https://openalex.org/W2084845478","https://openalex.org/W2086833941","https://openalex.org/W2111947818","https://openalex.org/W2115428539","https://openalex.org/W2116136092","https://openalex.org/W2130262734","https://openalex.org/W2149146154","https://openalex.org/W2149914527","https://openalex.org/W2158718504","https://openalex.org/W2161646044","https://openalex.org/W2167505354","https://openalex.org/W2170320849","https://openalex.org/W3129216300","https://openalex.org/W3162571474","https://openalex.org/W4231640297","https://openalex.org/W4240196928","https://openalex.org/W4252742548"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861891114","https://openalex.org/W2463380484","https://openalex.org/W2008905239","https://openalex.org/W2028950884","https://openalex.org/W4394793032","https://openalex.org/W1996781759","https://openalex.org/W4230219578","https://openalex.org/W2041803215","https://openalex.org/W2099268876","https://openalex.org/W4245102070"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code":[0],"quality":[1,57,180],"and":[2,25,46,84,200],"compilation":[3,13,34],"speed":[4],"are":[5],"two":[6,20,197],"challenges":[7],"to":[8,17,69,102,163,190,205],"JIT":[9,52,86,147],"compilers,":[10],"while":[11],"selective":[12,33],"is":[14,58,74,99,168,181,188,222,228],"commonly":[15],"used":[16,122,189],"trade-off":[18],"these":[19,39],"issues.":[21],"Meanwhile,":[22],"with":[23],"more":[24,26,100,124,208],"Java":[27,67,95,115,127],"applications":[28,40],"running":[29],"in":[30,76],"mobile":[31,89],"devices,":[32,90],"meets":[35],"many":[36],"problems.":[37],"Since":[38],"always":[41],"have":[42],"flat":[43],"execution":[44],"profile":[45],"short":[47],"live":[48],"time,":[49],"a":[50,82,93,108,145,174,218],"lightweight":[51,198],"technique":[53,87],"without":[54],"losing":[55],"code":[56,73,155,167,179,203],"extremely":[59],"needed.":[60],"However,":[61],"the":[62,103,112,166,178,184,214,229],"overhead":[63],"of":[64,114,216,220,233],"compiling":[65],"stack-based":[66],"bytecode":[68,96,226],"heterogeneous":[70],"register-based":[71,94,150,192],"machine":[72,105],"significant":[75],"embedded":[77,211],"devices.":[78],"This":[79],"paper":[80,142],"presents":[81],"fast":[83],"effective":[85],"for":[88,156,210],"building":[91],"on":[92,111,138,149],"format":[97,232],"which":[98,152,187,227],"similar":[101],"underlying":[104],"architecture.":[106],"Through":[107],"comprehensive":[109],"study":[110],"characteristics":[113],"applications,":[116],"we":[117,195],"observe":[118],"that":[119],"virtual":[120,161],"registers":[121,162],"by":[123,133,171,183],"than":[125],"90%":[126],"methods":[128],"can":[129],"be":[130],"directly":[131],"fulfilled":[132],"11":[134],"physical":[135,164],"registers.":[136],"Based":[137],"this":[139,141],"observation,":[140],"proposes":[143],"Swift,":[144],"novel":[146],"compiler":[148,186],"bytecode,":[151],"generates":[153],"native":[154],"RISC":[157],"machines.":[158],"After":[159],"mapping":[160],"registers,":[165],"generated":[169],"efficiently":[170],"looking":[172],"up":[173],"translation":[175],"table.":[176],"And":[177],"guaranteed":[182],"static":[185],"generate":[191],"bytecode.":[193],"Besides,":[194],"design":[196],"optimizations":[199],"an":[201],"efficient":[202],"unloader":[204],"make":[206],"Swift":[207,221],"suitable":[209],"environment.":[212],"As":[213],"prevalence":[215],"Android,":[217],"prototype":[219],"implemented":[223],"upon":[224],"DEX":[225],"official":[230],"distribution":[231],"Android":[234],"applications.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}