{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2022950187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2133797.2133800","title":"Describing the What and Why of Students\u2019 Difficulties in Boolean Logic","display_name":"Describing the What and Why of Students\u2019 Difficulties in Boolean Logic","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2022950187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2133797.2133800","mag":"2022950187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2133797.2133800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2133797.2133800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764465379","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","issn_l":"1946-6226","issn":["1946-6226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038676484","display_name":"Geoffrey Herman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-2295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey L. Herman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana--Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana--Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059018318","display_name":"Michael C. Loui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3871-0724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael C. Loui","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana--Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana--Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025737174","display_name":"Lisa C. Kaczmarczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1610-9126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100841","display_name":"University Health Care System","ror":"https://ror.org/014gqa478","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100841"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Kaczmarczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Educational Researcher and Consultant"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Researcher and Consultant","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100841"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066756473","display_name":"Craig Zilles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4601-4398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Zilles","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana--Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana--Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9758,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95513627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6777827739715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.637198805809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.6077561378479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propositional-calculus","display_name":"Propositional calculus","score":0.5377367734909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interview","display_name":"Interview","score":0.46602320671081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4480382800102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.37207040190696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24402931332588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1823403239250183}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6777827739715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.637198805809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.6077561378479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69562738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200694","display_name":"Propositional calculus","level":2,"score":0.5377367734909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24845683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178651","display_name":"Interview","level":2,"score":0.46602320671081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4480382800102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.37207040190696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24402931332588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1823403239250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2133797.2133800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2133797.2133800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764465379","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","issn_l":"1946-6226","issn":["1946-6226"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6138427595","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DUE-0618589DUE-0943318","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337408","funder_display_name":"Division of Undergraduate Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337408","display_name":"Division of Undergraduate Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02kd4km72"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77356501","https://openalex.org/W140000354","https://openalex.org/W301675770","https://openalex.org/W651046106","https://openalex.org/W1506668631","https://openalex.org/W1510707583","https://openalex.org/W1516534262","https://openalex.org/W1587606825","https://openalex.org/W1606328991","https://openalex.org/W1615097079","https://openalex.org/W1761828760","https://openalex.org/W1967820519","https://openalex.org/W1970801330","https://openalex.org/W1985858077","https://openalex.org/W1989077706","https://openalex.org/W1989930562","https://openalex.org/W1992658570","https://openalex.org/W1995450695","https://openalex.org/W2007256490","https://openalex.org/W2008785686","https://openalex.org/W2012669829","https://openalex.org/W2033086912","https://openalex.org/W2035559213","https://openalex.org/W2043852528","https://openalex.org/W2045300586","https://openalex.org/W2050492252","https://openalex.org/W2064893403","https://openalex.org/W2064908880","https://openalex.org/W2068926001","https://openalex.org/W2070371227","https://openalex.org/W2070596900","https://openalex.org/W2070964702","https://openalex.org/W2073429481","https://openalex.org/W2077138513","https://openalex.org/W2081418977","https://openalex.org/W2087469615","https://openalex.org/W2088918691","https://openalex.org/W2091922621","https://openalex.org/W2092162575","https://openalex.org/W2097995837","https://openalex.org/W2107407856","https://openalex.org/W2116720662","https://openalex.org/W2119086983","https://openalex.org/W2125922873","https://openalex.org/W2140404480","https://openalex.org/W2141316253","https://openalex.org/W2141463293","https://openalex.org/W2142945521","https://openalex.org/W2143152055","https://openalex.org/W2146691185","https://openalex.org/W2160191010","https://openalex.org/W2161696066","https://openalex.org/W2171148471","https://openalex.org/W2218475831","https://openalex.org/W2283239138","https://openalex.org/W2306571863","https://openalex.org/W2329395632","https://openalex.org/W2333057202","https://openalex.org/W2601551565","https://openalex.org/W2605119569","https://openalex.org/W2676834269","https://openalex.org/W2725059441","https://openalex.org/W3136187364","https://openalex.org/W4206668484","https://openalex.org/W4230330965","https://openalex.org/W4232399255","https://openalex.org/W4238170634","https://openalex.org/W4248868104","https://openalex.org/W4361835045","https://openalex.org/W6603137382","https://openalex.org/W6619721727","https://openalex.org/W7011113891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321442002","https://openalex.org/W2015265939","https://openalex.org/W2284072287","https://openalex.org/W2611067230","https://openalex.org/W2480201319","https://openalex.org/W2387706296","https://openalex.org/W2155788121","https://openalex.org/W4235469518","https://openalex.org/W2061417947","https://openalex.org/W2269304442"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ability":[1,37],"to":[2,21,38,43],"reason":[3],"with":[4],"formal":[5],"logic":[6,34,62],"is":[7],"a":[8,60],"foundational":[9],"skill":[10],"for":[11,73],"computer":[12,15],"scientists":[13],"and":[14,24,35,50,69,75],"engineers":[16],"that":[17],"scaffolds":[18],"the":[19,76],"abilities":[20],"design,":[22],"debug,":[23],"optimize.":[25],"By":[26],"interviewing":[27],"students":[28,55],"about":[29],"their":[30,36,71],"understanding":[31],"of":[32,54,78],"propositional":[33],"translate":[39],"from":[40],"English":[41],"specifications":[42],"Boolean":[44],"expressions,":[45],"we":[46],"characterized":[47],"common":[48],"misconceptions":[49],"novice":[51],"problem-solving":[52],"processes":[53],"who":[56],"had":[57],"recently":[58],"completed":[59],"digital":[61],"design":[63],"class.":[64],"We":[65],"present":[66],"these":[67],"results":[68],"discuss":[70],"implications":[72],"instruction":[74],"development":[77],"pedagogical":[79],"assessment":[80],"tools":[81],"known":[82],"as":[83],"concept":[84],"inventories.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
