{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049982182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2090236.2090245","title":"Practical verified computation with streaming interactive proofs","display_name":"Practical verified computation with streaming interactive proofs","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049982182","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2090236.2090245","mag":"2049982182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2090236.2090245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2090236.2090245","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11169768","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031896681","display_name":"Graham Cormode","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0698-0922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Graham Cormode","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Labs---Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs---Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062318856","display_name":"Michael Mitzenmacher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5430-5457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Mitzenmacher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080601320","display_name":"Justin Thaler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2234-6225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Thaler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031896681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.3906,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":193,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99750982,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"90","last_page":"112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.855401873588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.852176308631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.7306758761405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6446356773376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5402691960334778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-concept","display_name":"Proof of concept","score":0.4954272508621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4891102910041809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-work-system","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","score":0.4700155556201935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4671069383621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.45700159668922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.41887959837913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.38873291015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1996709108352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1727462112903595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10581430792808533}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.855401873588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.852176308631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.7306758761405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6446356773376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5402691960334778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.4954272508621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4891102910041809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123436394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7249984","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","level":3,"score":0.4700155556201935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4671069383621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.45700159668922424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.41887959837913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38873291015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1996709108352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1727462112903595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10581430792808533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2090236.2090245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2090236.2090245","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/11169768","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11169768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/11169768","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11169768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4695214636","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-0915922CNS-0721491IIS-0964473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","funder_display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6060859152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-0915922CNS-0721491IIS-0964473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7268996196","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-0915922CNS-0721491IIS-0964473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/01mng8331"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/053a2cp42"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":108,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4180724","https://openalex.org/W53264231","https://openalex.org/W175430765","https://openalex.org/W1233382225","https://openalex.org/W1480225633","https://openalex.org/W1481582196","https://openalex.org/W1493892051","https://openalex.org/W1523833456","https://openalex.org/W1527197079","https://openalex.org/W1538440442","https://openalex.org/W1540469777","https://openalex.org/W1547504276","https://openalex.org/W1551652843","https://openalex.org/W1557386445","https://openalex.org/W1594335079","https://openalex.org/W1599370812","https://openalex.org/W1604022092","https://openalex.org/W1625225258","https://openalex.org/W1655765388","https://openalex.org/W1686241726","https://openalex.org/W1761167196","https://openalex.org/W1930567086","https://openalex.org/W1963547452","https://openalex.org/W1965972569","https://openalex.org/W1967521717","https://openalex.org/W1970606468","https://openalex.org/W1971029566","https://openalex.org/W1980516015","https://openalex.org/W1984477611","https://openalex.org/W1984976620","https://openalex.org/W1991099830","https://openalex.org/W1994135885","https://openalex.org/W2002576896","https://openalex.org/W2009405883","https://openalex.org/W2018746447","https://openalex.org/W2021016639","https://openalex.org/W2026784425","https://openalex.org/W2027214648","https://openalex.org/W2032626654","https://openalex.org/W2039487342","https://openalex.org/W2039852170","https://openalex.org/W2040088116","https://openalex.org/W2041068798","https://openalex.org/W2043020364","https://openalex.org/W2044859592","https://openalex.org/W2051391952","https://openalex.org/W2053171205","https://openalex.org/W2058426370","https://openalex.org/W2061171222","https://openalex.org/W2061987651","https://openalex.org/W2063208042","https://openalex.org/W2067386559","https://openalex.org/W2067700169","https://openalex.org/W2077901621","https://openalex.org/W2079493184","https://openalex.org/W2080132708","https://openalex.org/W2080234606","https://openalex.org/W2080745194","https://openalex.org/W2082647621","https://openalex.org/W2084945437","https://openalex.org/W2089290774","https://openalex.org/W2096390054","https://openalex.org/W2100732817","https://openalex.org/W2103587345","https://openalex.org/W2107740972","https://openalex.org/W2112634292","https://openalex.org/W2116653107","https://openalex.org/W2119407990","https://openalex.org/W2120210041","https://openalex.org/W2121362046","https://openalex.org/W2123768021","https://openalex.org/W2125608006","https://openalex.org/W2132588842","https://openalex.org/W2136936712","https://openalex.org/W2138736975","https://openalex.org/W2141441292","https://openalex.org/W2142423295","https://openalex.org/W2142495779","https://openalex.org/W2146099890","https://openalex.org/W2146688002","https://openalex.org/W2147412664","https://openalex.org/W2148137544","https://openalex.org/W2152489475","https://openalex.org/W2154191591","https://openalex.org/W2161214567","https://openalex.org/W2163605617","https://openalex.org/W2165062838","https://openalex.org/W2165542331","https://openalex.org/W2165753192","https://openalex.org/W2169657197","https://openalex.org/W2175432095","https://openalex.org/W2176703953","https://openalex.org/W2192481898","https://openalex.org/W2293988196","https://openalex.org/W2344201262","https://openalex.org/W2397770138","https://openalex.org/W2401837691","https://openalex.org/W2402869180","https://openalex.org/W2404121837","https://openalex.org/W2568405635","https://openalex.org/W2570637728","https://openalex.org/W2912272112","https://openalex.org/W2949292204","https://openalex.org/W2964279767","https://openalex.org/W6628587945","https://openalex.org/W6660346676","https://openalex.org/W6679450290","https://openalex.org/W6758792252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W55831818","https://openalex.org/W4312475206","https://openalex.org/W2899359367","https://openalex.org/W3036179535","https://openalex.org/W4200362035","https://openalex.org/W4382371683","https://openalex.org/W3037184231","https://openalex.org/W96147258","https://openalex.org/W1598473030","https://openalex.org/W4309397387"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"delegating":[1],"computation":[2,73],"to":[3,42,81,102,108,131],"a":[4,29,58,83,103],"service":[5,94],"provider,":[6],"as":[7,28],"in":[8,52,77,91,118,144],"the":[9,18,26,45,66,71,93,97,110,122],"cloud":[10],"computing":[11],"paradigm,":[12],"we":[13],"seek":[14],"some":[15],"reassurance":[16],"that":[17],"output":[19,27,101],"is":[20,31,80,107],"correct":[21],"and":[22,33,35,112,120,136],"complete.":[23],"Yet":[24],"recomputing":[25],"check":[30],"inefficient":[32],"expensive,":[34],"it":[36],"may":[37],"not":[38],"even":[39],"be":[40,55],"feasible":[41],"store":[43,65],"all":[44],"data":[46],"locally.":[47],"We":[48],"are":[49],"therefore":[50],"interested":[51],"what":[53],"can":[54],"validated":[56],"by":[57],"streaming":[59],"(sublinear":[60],"space)":[61],"user,":[62],"who":[63],"cannot":[64],"full":[67,72],"input,":[68],"or":[69],"perform":[70],"herself.":[74],"Our":[75],"aim":[76],"this":[78],"work":[79,87],"advance":[82],"recent":[84],"line":[85],"of":[86,99,115],"on":[88],"\"proof":[89],"systems\"":[90],"which":[92],"provider":[95],"proves":[96],"correctness":[98],"its":[100],"user.":[104],"The":[105],"goal":[106],"minimize":[109],"time":[111],"space":[113],"costs":[114],"both":[116],"parties":[117],"generating":[119],"checking":[121],"proof.":[123],"Only":[124],"very":[125],"recently":[126],"have":[127,140],"there":[128],"been":[129,141],"attempts":[130],"implement":[132],"such":[133],"proof":[134],"systems,":[135],"thus":[137],"far":[138],"these":[139],"quite":[142],"limited":[143],"functionality.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}