{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997322704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2076732.2076738","title":"Distilling critical attack graph surface iteratively through minimum-cost SAT solving","display_name":"Distilling critical attack graph surface iteratively through minimum-cost SAT solving","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997322704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2076732.2076738","mag":"1997322704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2076732.2076738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2076732.2076738","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102723505","display_name":"Heqing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5328-3994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heqing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716688","display_name":"Su Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-3053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113810433","display_name":"Xinming Ou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2501-7991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinming Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019723791","display_name":"Atul Prakash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4907-3687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atul Prakash","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml","University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, ML"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, ML","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077314055","display_name":"Karem A. Sakallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5819-9089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karem Sakallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml","University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, ML"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, ML","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.9338,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97650015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"31","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.748682975769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6944607496261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-surface","display_name":"Attack surface","score":0.649262011051178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5331114530563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-path-method","display_name":"Critical path method","score":0.503635585308075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.48818808794021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3262714743614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2887037992477417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.748682975769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6944607496261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776576444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303569","display_name":"Attack surface","level":2,"score":0.649262011051178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5331114530563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115874739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q825377","display_name":"Critical path method","level":2,"score":0.503635585308075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.48818808794021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3262714743614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2887037992477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2076732.2076738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2076732.2076738","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2500826210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-09-1-0138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3493381435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1.04E+13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82848659","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1500096942","https://openalex.org/W1508191694","https://openalex.org/W1515452738","https://openalex.org/W1587970460","https://openalex.org/W1901395146","https://openalex.org/W1965332127","https://openalex.org/W2004936005","https://openalex.org/W2025113626","https://openalex.org/W2030356709","https://openalex.org/W2054127354","https://openalex.org/W2073097601","https://openalex.org/W2076252092","https://openalex.org/W2077937403","https://openalex.org/W2083658929","https://openalex.org/W2091673436","https://openalex.org/W2097689572","https://openalex.org/W2099103357","https://openalex.org/W2100033648","https://openalex.org/W2100179054","https://openalex.org/W2101438812","https://openalex.org/W2110908300","https://openalex.org/W2121805588","https://openalex.org/W2127856935","https://openalex.org/W2129586531","https://openalex.org/W2133496820","https://openalex.org/W2143122640","https://openalex.org/W2143396794","https://openalex.org/W2145227222","https://openalex.org/W2150168063","https://openalex.org/W2151369956","https://openalex.org/W2157554212","https://openalex.org/W2158395308","https://openalex.org/W2407732742","https://openalex.org/W2620244897","https://openalex.org/W6635240798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W2478244259","https://openalex.org/W2902040535","https://openalex.org/W2187854411","https://openalex.org/W41015297","https://openalex.org/W2883540030"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"has":[1],"long":[2],"been":[3],"recognized":[4],"that":[5,70,211,255],"it":[6],"can":[7,73,94,228],"be":[8,42],"tedious":[9],"and":[10,38,55,124,139,198],"even":[11,27,256],"infeasible":[12],"for":[13,28,113,174,240,257,309],"system":[14],"administrators":[15],"to":[16,41,44,65,96,116,143,161,177,182,203,208,299],"figure":[17],"out":[18,82,118],"critical":[19,85,102,165,222,230,260,293],"security":[20,303],"problems":[21,304],"residing":[22],"in":[23,146,167,186,244,305],"full":[24,89,236,271,287],"attack":[25,53,66,90,103,133,144,218,223,231,237,261,272,288,294],"graphs,":[26],"small-sized":[29,259],"enterprise":[30,242,307],"networks.":[31],"Therefore":[32],"a":[33,46,136,213,221,258],"trade-off":[34],"between":[35,49],"analysis":[36],"accuracy":[37],"efficiency":[39],"needs":[40],"made":[43],"achieve":[45],"reasonable":[47],"balance":[48],"completeness":[50],"of":[51,77,87,127,169,216,268,281],"the":[52,71,75,83,88,99,111,125,147,151,163,170,175,187,206,235,266,269,274,282,286,291,301],"graph":[54,67,134,224,232,262,295],"its":[56],"usefulness.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61],"provide":[62],"an":[63,114,131,306],"approach":[64],"distillation,":[68],"so":[69],"user":[72,93],"control":[74],"amount":[76],"information":[78],"presented":[79],"by":[80,193],"sifting":[81],"most":[84,101,164],"portion":[86],"graph.":[91],"The":[92],"choose":[95],"see":[97],"only":[98,245],"k":[100],"paths,":[104,219],"based":[105,149],"on":[106,121,150,249],"specified":[107],"severity":[108,152],"metrics,":[109],"e.g.":[110],"likelihood":[112],"attacker":[115,176],"carry":[117],"certain":[119,122,183],"exploit":[120],"machine":[123],"chance":[126],"success.":[128],"We":[129,154],"transform":[130],"dependency":[132],"into":[135],"Boolean":[137],"formula":[138],"assign":[140],"cost":[141,172],"metrics":[142,277],"variables":[145],"formula,":[148],"metrics.":[153],"then":[155],"apply":[156],"Minimum-Cost":[157],"SAT":[158],"Solving":[159],"(MCSS)":[160],"find":[162],"path":[166],"terms":[168],"least":[171],"incurred":[173],"deploy":[178],"multi-step":[179],"attacks":[180],"leading":[181],"crucial":[184,302],"assets":[185],"network.":[188],"An":[189],"iterative":[190],"process":[191],"inspired":[192],"Counter":[194],"Example":[195],"Guided":[196],"Abstraction":[197],"Refinement":[199],"(CEGAR)":[200],"is":[201,297],"designed":[202],"efficiently":[204],"guide":[205],"MCSS":[207],"render":[209],"solutions":[210],"contain":[212],"controlled":[214],"number":[215],"realistic":[217],"forming":[220],"surface.":[225],"Our":[226],"method":[227],"distill":[229],"surfaces":[233],"from":[234],"graphs":[238],"generated":[239],"moderate-sized":[241],"networks":[243],"several":[246],"minutes.":[247],"Experiments":[248],"various":[250],"sized":[251],"network":[252,308],"scenarios":[253],"show":[254],"surface":[263,296],"(around":[264],"15%":[265],"size":[267],"original":[270],"graph),":[273],"calculated":[275],"risk":[276],"are":[278],"good":[279],"approximation":[280],"values":[283],"computed":[284],"with":[285],"graph,":[289],"meaning":[290],"distilled":[292],"able":[298],"capture":[300],"further":[310],"in-depth":[311],"analysis.":[312]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}