{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975745448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2076732.2076734","title":"Understanding the prevalence and use of alternative plans in malware with network games","display_name":"Understanding the prevalence and use of alternative plans in malware with network games","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975745448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2076732.2076734","mag":"1975745448"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2076732.2076734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2076732.2076734","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045784124","display_name":"Yacin Nadji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yacin Nadji","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","College Of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College Of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067105657","display_name":"Manos Antonakakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-8307"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manos Antonakakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Damballa Inc., Atlanta, GA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Damballa Inc., Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071832270","display_name":"Roberto Perdisci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7339-0041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96163493","display_name":"University of Atlanta","ror":"https://ror.org/04e2ah412","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96163493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Perdisci","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Georgia, Atlanta, GA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Georgia, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156","https://openalex.org/I96163493"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047140382","display_name":"Wenke Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2761-1277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenke Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","College Of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College Of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045784124"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6236,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64814935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.9467359781265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.7739390134811401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7734323740005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6335116624832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.6133896708488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.561860978603363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware-analysis","display_name":"Malware analysis","score":0.5156484842300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4824031591415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.46154099702835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptovirology","display_name":"Cryptovirology","score":0.45703354477882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"Static analysis","score":0.41711753606796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.4139370322227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23681825399398804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.9467359781265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.7739390134811401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7734323740005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6335116624832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.6133896708488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.561860978603363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779395397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15731404","display_name":"Malware analysis","level":3,"score":0.5156484842300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4824031591415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.46154099702835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3506050","display_name":"Cryptovirology","level":3,"score":0.45703354477882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.41711753606796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4139370322227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23681825399398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2076732.2076734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2076732.2076734","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.396.813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.396.813","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cc.gatech.edu/grads/y/ynadji3/docs/pubs/gzaacsac2011.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.457.515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.457.515","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78162143","https://openalex.org/W109909280","https://openalex.org/W155384935","https://openalex.org/W1481472066","https://openalex.org/W1508823302","https://openalex.org/W1515180657","https://openalex.org/W1519558950","https://openalex.org/W1565377632","https://openalex.org/W1827212170","https://openalex.org/W1938740620","https://openalex.org/W1954903228","https://openalex.org/W2034218563","https://openalex.org/W2051498836","https://openalex.org/W2095988554","https://openalex.org/W2101077503","https://openalex.org/W2110092041","https://openalex.org/W2115175195","https://openalex.org/W2117030266","https://openalex.org/W2120297918","https://openalex.org/W2126058759","https://openalex.org/W2140807364","https://openalex.org/W2159601538","https://openalex.org/W2482589566","https://openalex.org/W2519944239","https://openalex.org/W2914982603","https://openalex.org/W4205915238","https://openalex.org/W4248947422","https://openalex.org/W6606342502","https://openalex.org/W6633894697","https://openalex.org/W6683565488"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4296272594","https://openalex.org/W2469507153","https://openalex.org/W4360993664","https://openalex.org/W2008790809","https://openalex.org/W2900526031","https://openalex.org/W2610659201","https://openalex.org/W3107556205","https://openalex.org/W4234891089","https://openalex.org/W2805262980","https://openalex.org/W2067547021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,119],"paper":[2],"we":[3,27],"describe":[4],"and":[5,97,127,136,142],"evaluate":[6],"a":[7,56],"technique":[8],"to":[9,45,50,67,74,124,131],"improve":[10,132],"the":[11,29,43,51,93],"amount":[12],"of":[13,31,60],"information":[14,89,120],"gained":[15],"from":[16,90,104],"dynamic":[17],"malware":[18,32,44,61,105,144],"analysis":[19,52],"systems.":[20,146],"By":[21],"playing":[22],"network":[23,37,83,88],"games":[24,64,84],"during":[25,106],"analysis,":[26],"explore":[28],"behavior":[30],"when":[33],"it":[34],"believes":[35],"its":[36,47],"resources":[38],"are":[39,65,72],"malfunctioning.":[40],"This":[41],"forces":[42],"reveal":[46],"alternative":[48],"plan":[49],"system":[53],"resulting":[54],"in":[55],"more":[57],"complete":[58],"understanding":[59],"behavior.":[62],"Network":[63],"similar":[66],"multipath":[68],"exploration":[69],"techniques,":[70],"but":[71],"resistant":[73],"conditional":[75],"code":[76],"obfuscation.":[77],"Our":[78],"experimental":[79],"results":[80],"show":[81,117],"that":[82,118],"discover":[85],"highly":[86],"useful":[87],"malware.":[91],"Of":[92],"161,000":[94],"domain":[95,134],"names":[96],"over":[98,109],"three":[99,107],"million":[100],"IP":[101,137],"addresses":[102],"coerced":[103],"weeks,":[108],"95%":[110],"never":[111],"appeared":[112],"on":[113],"public":[114],"blacklists.":[115],"We":[116],"is":[121],"both":[122],"likely":[123],"be":[125,129],"malicious":[126],"can":[128],"used":[130],"existing":[133],"name":[135],"address":[138],"reputation":[139],"systems,":[140],"blacklists,":[141],"network-based":[143],"clustering":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}