{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007442407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2070781.2024214","title":"Practical filtering for efficient ray-traced directional occlusion","display_name":"Practical filtering for efficient ray-traced directional occlusion","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007442407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2070781.2024214","mag":"3007442407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2070781.2024214","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2070781.2024214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074566720","display_name":"Kevin Egan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Egan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075155488","display_name":"Fr\u00e9do Durand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9919-069X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fr\u00e9do Durand","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034754633","display_name":"Ravi Ramamoorthi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3993-5789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Ramamoorthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074566720"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6159,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92103093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.7803113460540771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-illumination","display_name":"Global illumination","score":0.7275782823562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6589310169219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.6358049511909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5795189142227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5026421546936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occlusion","display_name":"Occlusion","score":0.4241058826446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-ray-tracing","display_name":"Distributed ray tracing","score":0.41061434149742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.36339160799980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2731591463088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1535407304763794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7803113460540771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.7275782823562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6589310169219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6358049511909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5795189142227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5026421546936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776268601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q968808","display_name":"Occlusion","level":2,"score":0.4241058826446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82744980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951513","display_name":"Distributed ray tracing","level":3,"score":0.41061434149742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.36339160799980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2731591463088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1535407304763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2070781.2024214","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2070781.2024214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1278252529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"7.02E+26","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4500171437","display_name":"CAREER: Mathematical and Computational Fundamentals of Visual Appearance for Computer Graphics","funder_award_id":"0924968","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4578284195","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-09-1-0741","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5503949928","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1115242, 1116303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6042275243","display_name":"CGV: Small: Collaborative Research: Sparse Reconstruction and Frequency Analysis for Computer Graphics Rendering and Imaging","funder_award_id":"1115242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7824977544","display_name":"CGV: Small: Collaborative Research: Sparse Reconstruction and Frequency Analysis for Computer Graphics Rendering and Imaging","funder_award_id":"1116303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65018654","https://openalex.org/W1502588543","https://openalex.org/W1970864126","https://openalex.org/W1976632444","https://openalex.org/W1976928721","https://openalex.org/W2014475711","https://openalex.org/W2020210067","https://openalex.org/W2041621129","https://openalex.org/W2048936961","https://openalex.org/W2093685536","https://openalex.org/W2103127056","https://openalex.org/W2105180255","https://openalex.org/W2126911272","https://openalex.org/W2129055063","https://openalex.org/W2139046107","https://openalex.org/W2150868589","https://openalex.org/W2295511631","https://openalex.org/W2986260930","https://openalex.org/W2998555201","https://openalex.org/W3000472182","https://openalex.org/W3136243606","https://openalex.org/W3137870839","https://openalex.org/W4231407972","https://openalex.org/W6649024648"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790684390","https://openalex.org/W2397912953","https://openalex.org/W1980536927","https://openalex.org/W4308974340","https://openalex.org/W151283179","https://openalex.org/W2405374556","https://openalex.org/W2001335636","https://openalex.org/W2324620146","https://openalex.org/W134319732","https://openalex.org/W2103057025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ambient":[0],"occlusion":[1,6,37,77],"and":[2,74,99],"directional":[3],"(spherical":[4],"harmonic)":[5],"have":[7],"become":[8],"a":[9,85,96,115,125],"staple":[10],"of":[11,21,88],"production":[12],"rendering":[13],"because":[14],"they":[15],"capture":[16],"many":[17,39,68],"visually":[18],"important":[19],"qualities":[20],"global":[22],"illumination":[23,94],"while":[24],"being":[25],"reusable":[26],"across":[27],"multiple":[28],"artistic":[29],"lighting":[30],"iterations.":[31],"However,":[32,67],"ray-traced":[33],"solutions":[34],"for":[35,136],"hemispherical":[36,50],"require":[38],"rays":[40,70],"per":[41],"shading":[42],"point":[43],"(typically":[44],"256-1024)":[45],"due":[46],"to":[47,63,104],"the":[48,75],"full":[49],"angular":[51,127],"domain.":[52,128],"Moreover,":[53],"each":[54],"ray":[55,106,143],"can":[56,131],"be":[57],"expensive":[58],"in":[59],"scenes":[60,137],"with":[61,95],"moderate":[62],"high":[64],"geometric":[65],"complexity.":[66],"nearby":[69],"sample":[71],"similar":[72],"areas,":[73],"final":[76],"result":[78],"is":[79],"often":[80],"low":[81],"frequency.":[82],"We":[83,112],"give":[84],"frequency":[86],"analysis":[87],"shadow":[89],"light":[90],"fields":[91],"using":[92],"distant":[93],"general":[97],"BRDF":[98],"normal":[100],"mapping,":[101],"allowing":[102],"us":[103],"share":[105],"information":[107],"even":[108],"among":[109],"complex":[110],"receivers.":[111],"also":[113],"present":[114],"new":[116],"rotationally-invariant":[117],"filter":[118],"that":[119,138],"easily":[120],"handles":[121],"samples":[122],"spread":[123],"over":[124],"large":[126],"Our":[129],"method":[130],"deliver":[132],"4x":[133],"speed":[134],"up":[135],"are":[139],"computationally":[140],"bound":[141],"by":[142],"tracing":[144],"costs.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}