{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007983515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2070781.2024199","title":"Stretchable and Twistable Bones for Skeletal Shape Deformation","display_name":"Stretchable and Twistable Bones for Skeletal Shape Deformation","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007983515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2070781.2024199","mag":"3007983515"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2070781.2024199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2070781.2024199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060647975","display_name":"Alec Jacobson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4603-7143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alec Jacobson","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University &amp; ETH Zurich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University &amp; ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004224909","display_name":"Olga Sorkine","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Sorkine","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University &amp; ETH Zurich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University &amp; ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060647975"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1678,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95956881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skinning","display_name":"Skinning","score":0.9669738411903381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6456539630889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6445238590240479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.5942084193229675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalar","display_name":"Scalar (mathematics)","score":0.5527405738830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5359642505645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skeleton","display_name":"Skeleton (computer programming)","score":0.5317591428756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.4867565631866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4670960307121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-animation","display_name":"Character animation","score":0.4624377191066742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4603642225265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.41661331057548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-animation","display_name":"Computer animation","score":0.4002231955528259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.3954606354236603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29955941438674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.29809436202049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.13913312554359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10980865359306335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.08874297142028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.06952908635139465}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777685762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780654","display_name":"Skinning","level":2,"score":0.9669738411903381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6456539630889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6445238590240479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.5942084193229675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57691317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289248","display_name":"Scalar (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5527405738830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5359642505645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18969341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1169129","display_name":"Skeleton (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5317591428756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4867565631866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4670960307121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90697248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062896","display_name":"Character animation","level":4,"score":0.4624377191066742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4603642225265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.41661331057548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69369342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401416","display_name":"Computer animation","level":3,"score":0.4002231955528259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.3954606354236603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29955941438674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29809436202049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.13913312554359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10980865359306335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08874297142028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.06952908635139465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2070781.2024199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2070781.2024199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103319772","https://openalex.org/W191926697","https://openalex.org/W1509288785","https://openalex.org/W1989191365","https://openalex.org/W1993962870","https://openalex.org/W2012089397","https://openalex.org/W2040703987","https://openalex.org/W2052728883","https://openalex.org/W2059017188","https://openalex.org/W2090782210","https://openalex.org/W2114106563","https://openalex.org/W2119878875","https://openalex.org/W2153764672","https://openalex.org/W2166575557","https://openalex.org/W2168860802","https://openalex.org/W2999456009","https://openalex.org/W3137158176","https://openalex.org/W3138581055","https://openalex.org/W4230824699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3094080214","https://openalex.org/W4246568043","https://openalex.org/W4244435162","https://openalex.org/W2021995282","https://openalex.org/W2221113372","https://openalex.org/W2159681853","https://openalex.org/W2354629388","https://openalex.org/W2122474456","https://openalex.org/W51355345","https://openalex.org/W2052682882"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Skeleton-based":[0],"linear":[1],"blend":[2],"skinning":[3],"(LBS)":[4],"remains":[5],"the":[6,32,38,70,74,77,85,95,126],"most":[7],"popular":[8],"method":[9,103],"for":[10],"real-time":[11],"character":[12],"deformation":[13],"and":[14,25,35,67,91,135],"animation.":[15],"The":[16,121],"key":[17],"to":[18,31],"its":[19,22],"success":[20],"is":[21,45],"simple":[23,82],"implementation":[24],"fast":[26],"execution.":[27],"However,":[28],"in":[29],"addition":[30],"well-studied":[33],"elbow-collapse":[34],"candy-wrapper":[36],"artifacts,":[37],"space":[39,127],"of":[40,76,84,128],"deformations":[41,130],"possible":[42,129],"with":[43,51],"LBS":[44,86],"inherently":[46],"limited.":[47],"In":[48],"particular,":[49],"blending":[50],"only":[52,105,132],"a":[53,81],"scalar":[54,108],"weight":[55,109],"function":[56,110],"per":[57,111],"bone":[58,100],"prohibits":[59],"properly":[60],"handling":[61],"stretching,":[62],"where":[63,69],"bones":[64],"change":[65],"length,":[66],"twisting,":[68],"shape":[71],"rotates":[72],"along":[73],"length":[75],"bone.":[78],"We":[79],"present":[80],"modification":[83],"formulation":[87,123],"that":[88],"enables":[89],"stretching":[90],"twisting":[92],"without":[93],"changing":[94],"existing":[96],"skeleton":[97],"rig":[98],"or":[99,118],"weights.":[101],"Our":[102],"needs":[104],"an":[106],"extra":[107],"bone,":[112],"which":[113],"can":[114],"be":[115],"painted":[116],"manually":[117],"computed":[119],"automatically.":[120],"resulting":[122],"significantly":[124],"enriches":[125],"while":[131],"increasing":[133],"storage":[134],"computation":[136],"costs":[137],"by":[138],"constant":[139],"factors.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
