{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008190884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2063576.2063875","title":"Efficient phrase querying with flat position index","display_name":"Efficient phrase querying with flat position index","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008190884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2063576.2063875","mag":"2008190884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2063576.2063875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2063576.2063875","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026825332","display_name":"Dongdong Shan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongdong Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China","Peking University, Beijing, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037145565","display_name":"Wayne Xin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8333-6196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne Xin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China","Peking University, Beijing, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081879366","display_name":"Jing He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6488-1052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China","Peking University, Beijing, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716372","display_name":"Rui Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-6823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China","Peking University, Beijing, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111726041","display_name":"Hongfei Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5914-8585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongfei Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China","Peking University, Beijing, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027938867","display_name":"Xiaoming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9956-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, Beijing, China","Peking University, Beijing, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026825332"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0554,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92570334,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2001","last_page":"2004"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.732616126537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.7004649639129639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.6892030835151672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverted-index","display_name":"Inverted index","score":0.6692818403244019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.6620515584945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase-search","display_name":"Phrase search","score":0.6600673198699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.6477566361427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.6218544840812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.5490678548812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5083383917808533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4968290627002716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4309914708137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.42855310440063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.3224532902240753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30993980169296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.2671319842338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14170193672180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.13709095120429993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.07174742221832275}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.732616126537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.7004649639129639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6892030835151672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130590232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671754","display_name":"Inverted index","level":3,"score":0.6692818403244019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.6620515584945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37202355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7188071","display_name":"Phrase search","level":5,"score":0.6600673198699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.6477566361427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6218544840812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.5490678548812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5083383917808533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4968290627002716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4309914708137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.42855310440063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.3224532902240753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30993980169296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.2671319842338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14170193672180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.13709095120429993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.07174742221832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14838553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7441639","display_name":"Search analytics","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2063576.2063875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2063576.2063875","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.701.440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.701.440","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ruiyan.me/pubs/CIKM2011poster.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1681204582","https://openalex.org/W1981732427","https://openalex.org/W1982889956","https://openalex.org/W1987878450","https://openalex.org/W1995672491","https://openalex.org/W2006608770","https://openalex.org/W2022292926","https://openalex.org/W2032866865","https://openalex.org/W2108079923","https://openalex.org/W2137339254"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058987221","https://openalex.org/W2919747665","https://openalex.org/W2145657320","https://openalex.org/W2102493899","https://openalex.org/W1981732427","https://openalex.org/W4282568653","https://openalex.org/W2187610212","https://openalex.org/W2123678380","https://openalex.org/W2092902419","https://openalex.org/W416633688"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"large":[1],"proportion":[2],"of":[3,11,46,65,76],"search":[4,108],"engine":[5],"queries":[6],"contain":[7],"phrases,namely":[8],"a":[9,43,58,74,95],"sequence":[10,45],"adjacent":[12],"words.":[13],"In":[14,31],"this":[15],"paper,":[16],"we":[17,93],"propose":[18,94],"to":[19],"use":[20],"flat":[21,33,54,78,90,118],"position":[22,34,60,119],"index":[23,120,124],"(a.k.a":[24],"schema-independent":[25],"index)":[26],"for":[27],"phrase":[28,129],"query":[29],"evaluation.":[30],"the":[32,36,63,66,77,84,123],"index,":[35],"entire":[37],"document":[38],"collection":[39,115],"is":[40,50,57,71,103],"viewed":[41],"as":[42],"huge":[44],"tokens.":[47],"Each":[48,68],"token":[49],"represented":[51],"by":[52],"one":[53],"position,":[55],"which":[56,102],"unique":[59],"offset":[61],"from":[62,89],"beginning":[64],"collection.":[67],"indexed":[69],"term":[70,82],"associated":[72],"with":[73,133],"list":[75],"positions":[79,91],"about":[80],"that":[81,117],"in":[83],"sequence.":[85],"To":[86],"recover":[87],"DocID":[88],"efficiently,":[92],"novel":[96],"cache":[97],"sensitive":[98],"look-up":[99],"table":[100],"(CSLT),":[101],"much":[104],"faster":[105],"than":[106],"existing":[107],"algorithms.":[109],"Experiments":[110],"on":[111],"TREC":[112],"GOV2":[113],"data":[114],"show":[116],"can":[121],"reduce":[122],"size":[125],"and":[126],"speed":[127],"up":[128],"querying":[130],"substantially,":[131],"compared":[132],"traditional":[134],"word-level":[135],"index.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}