{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036735563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2063576.2063712","title":"Toward interactive training and evaluation","display_name":"Toward interactive training and evaluation","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036735563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2063576.2063712","mag":"2036735563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2063576.2063712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2063576.2063712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://works.bepress.com/andrew_mccallum/67/download/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030813854","display_name":"Gregory Druck","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Druck","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107835063","display_name":"Andrew McCallum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew McCallum","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030813854"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6415,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90550317,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"947","last_page":"956"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8226675391197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6783462762832642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5551766157150269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5489981770515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","score":0.5264564156532288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.49900221824645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.47957223653793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.4669811427593231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4234568774700165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37245461344718933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8226675391197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6783462762832642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5551766157150269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5489981770515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5264564156532288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.49900221824645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.47957223653793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4669811427593231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4234568774700165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37245461344718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2063576.2063712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2063576.2063712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:works.bepress.com:andrew_mccallum-1109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/andrew_mccallum/67","pdf_url":"https://works.bepress.com/andrew_mccallum/67/download/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402240","display_name":"ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Andrew McCallum","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.230.5267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.230.5267","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.umass.edu/%7Egdruck/pubs/druck11cikm.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.366.6693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.366.6693","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://maroo.cs.umass.edu/pub/web/getpdf.php?id=1012","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.841.7636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.841.7636","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://works.bepress.com/andrew_mccallum/67/download/","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:works.bepress.com:andrew_mccallum-1109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/andrew_mccallum/67","pdf_url":"https://works.bepress.com/andrew_mccallum/67/download/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402240","display_name":"ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Andrew McCallum","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2036735563.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2036735563.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202801672","https://openalex.org/W1486006562","https://openalex.org/W1516184288","https://openalex.org/W1544729927","https://openalex.org/W1559136395","https://openalex.org/W1766290689","https://openalex.org/W1972260494","https://openalex.org/W2039275320","https://openalex.org/W2044286004","https://openalex.org/W2045685519","https://openalex.org/W2083866019","https://openalex.org/W2108736173","https://openalex.org/W2109378394","https://openalex.org/W2115536324","https://openalex.org/W2116917894","https://openalex.org/W2119850747","https://openalex.org/W2124181495","https://openalex.org/W2125327503","https://openalex.org/W2128511958","https://openalex.org/W2130451161","https://openalex.org/W2134134392","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2154368244","https://openalex.org/W2165968176","https://openalex.org/W2169336678","https://openalex.org/W2479395228","https://openalex.org/W2596585349","https://openalex.org/W2903158431","https://openalex.org/W3010865323","https://openalex.org/W3141232563"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028495302","https://openalex.org/W4396872084","https://openalex.org/W2012531322","https://openalex.org/W4249498729","https://openalex.org/W2402761219","https://openalex.org/W2002261065","https://openalex.org/W1513656766","https://openalex.org/W2785900585","https://openalex.org/W2353730437","https://openalex.org/W2042102171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1,40],"often":[2],"relies":[3],"on":[4,46,77],"costly":[5],"labeled":[6],"data,":[7],"and":[8,16,62,64,124,149,154],"this":[9,47,73,82],"impedes":[10],"its":[11],"application":[12],"to":[13,100],"new":[14],"classification":[15,123],"information":[17],"extraction":[18],"problems.":[19],"This":[20],"has":[21],"motivated":[22],"the":[23,94,98,152],"development":[24],"of":[25,93,144,156],"methods":[26,36,110],"for":[27,37,97,118,146],"leveraging":[28],"abundant":[29],"prior":[30],"knowledge":[31],"about":[32],"these":[33,104,128],"problems,":[34,105],"including":[35],"lightly":[38],"supervised":[39],"using":[41],"model":[42,113],"expectation":[43,66],"constraints.":[44,157],"Building":[45],"work,":[48],"we":[49,75,106],"envision":[50],"an":[51],"interactive":[52],"training":[53],"paradigm":[54,83],"in":[55,68,81,151],"which":[56],"practitioners":[57],"perform":[58],"evaluation,":[59],"analyze":[60],"errors,":[61],"provide":[63,140],"refine":[65],"constraints":[67],"a":[69,90,116],"closed":[70],"loop.":[71],"In":[72,122],"paper,":[74],"focus":[76],"several":[78],"key":[79],"subproblems":[80],"that":[84,111],"can":[85],"be":[86],"cast":[87],"as":[88,115,136,138],"selecting":[89],"representative":[91],"sample":[92],"unlabeled":[95],"data":[96],"practitioner":[99],"inspect.":[101],"To":[102],"address":[103],"propose":[107],"stratified":[108],"sampling":[109,129],"use":[112],"expectations":[114],"proxy":[117],"latent":[119],"output":[120],"variables.":[121],"sequence":[125],"labeling":[126],"experiments,":[127],"strategies":[130],"reduce":[131],"accuracy":[132],"evaluation":[133],"effort":[134],"by":[135],"much":[137],"53%,":[139],"more":[141],"reliable":[142],"estimates":[143],"$F_1$":[145],"rare":[147],"labels,":[148],"aid":[150],"specification":[153],"refinement":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
