{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2046188672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2063348.2063371","title":"\"Hot\" for warm water cooling","display_name":"\"Hot\" for warm water cooling","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2046188672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2063348.2063371","mag":"2046188672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2063348.2063371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2063348.2063371","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"State of the Practice Reports","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048221362","display_name":"Henry Coles","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Henry Coles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA","Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111643419","display_name":"Michael Ellsworth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091433","display_name":"Poughkeepsie Public Library District","ror":"https://ror.org/001vaag74","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Ellsworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Corporation, Poughkeepsie, NY","IBM Corporation, 2455 South Rd., Poughkeepsie, NY 12601"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Corporation, Poughkeepsie, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Corporation, 2455 South Rd., Poughkeepsie, NY 12601","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110417495","display_name":"David J. Martinez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192454743","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories California","ror":"https://ror.org/058m7ey48","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I192454743","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM","Sandia National Laboratory P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque NM 87185"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratory P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque NM 87185","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192454743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048221362"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64031284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9412999749183655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9412999749183655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9379000067710876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9269999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.6717013120651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5763943195343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.5620546340942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5441795587539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-heat","display_name":"Waste heat","score":0.5417883992195129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-cooling","display_name":"Computer cooling","score":0.5205305814743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5139007568359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-cooling","display_name":"Free cooling","score":0.4650370478630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-compressor","display_name":"Gas compressor","score":0.45700135827064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4428287446498871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-cooling","display_name":"Water cooling","score":0.4385574162006378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4364869296550751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-cooling","display_name":"Active cooling","score":0.41701480746269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","score":0.363766074180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-exchanger","display_name":"Heat exchanger","score":0.31567418575286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.2820889949798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.17791560292243958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16153967380523682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11357986927032471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-management-of-electronic-devices-and-systems","display_name":"Thermal management of electronic devices and systems","score":0.091024249792099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.6717013120651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5763943195343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.5620546340942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5441795587539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184235594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288706","display_name":"Waste heat","level":3,"score":0.5417883992195129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11026015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840551","display_name":"Computer cooling","level":3,"score":0.5205305814743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5139007568359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49996111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2277783","display_name":"Free cooling","level":3,"score":0.4650370478630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131097465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178898","display_name":"Gas compressor","level":2,"score":0.45700135827064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4428287446498871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7694927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7667810","display_name":"Water cooling","level":2,"score":0.4385574162006378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4364869296550751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156820238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422876","display_name":"Active cooling","level":3,"score":0.41701480746269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.363766074180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189124","display_name":"Heat exchanger","level":2,"score":0.31567418575286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2820889949798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.17791560292243958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16153967380523682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11357986927032471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114834414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15477170","display_name":"Thermal management of electronic devices and systems","level":2,"score":0.091024249792099}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2063348.2063371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2063348.2063371","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"State of the Practice Reports","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3153185437","https://openalex.org/W2285889907","https://openalex.org/W3134838953","https://openalex.org/W2792832790","https://openalex.org/W2299204757","https://openalex.org/W2950144996","https://openalex.org/W2121129873","https://openalex.org/W2783400884","https://openalex.org/W2364936109","https://openalex.org/W3127436230"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Liquid":[0],"cooling":[1,62],"is":[2,23,30,63,92,126],"key":[3],"to":[4,45,60,70,73,93,97,135],"reducing":[5],"energy":[6,79],"consumption":[7],"for":[8,18,76,129,145],"this":[9],"generation":[10],"of":[11,28,32,37,81,147,155],"supercomputers":[12],"and":[13,39,88,101,112,138,141],"remains":[14],"on":[15],"the":[16,19,25,53,78,153],"roadmap":[17],"foreseeable":[20],"future.":[21],"This":[22,150],"because":[24],"heat":[26,41,99],"capacity":[27],"liquids":[29],"orders":[31],"magnitude":[33],"larger":[34],"than":[35,116],"that":[36,105],"air":[38,59],"once":[40],"has":[42],"been":[43],"transferred":[44],"a":[46],"liquid,":[47],"it":[48],"can":[49],"be":[50],"removed":[51],"from":[52,58],"datacenter":[54],"efficiently.":[55],"The":[56,90,120],"transition":[57],"liquid":[61],"an":[64,68],"inflection":[65],"point":[66],"providing":[67],"opportunity":[69,144],"work":[71],"collectively":[72],"set":[74],"guidelines":[75,128],"facilitating":[77],"efficiency":[80],"liquid-cooled":[82],"High":[83],"Performance":[84],"Computing":[85],"(HPC)":[86],"facilities":[87],"systems.":[89],"vision":[91],"use":[94],"non-compressor-based":[95],"cooling,":[96],"facilitate":[98],"re-use,":[100],"thereby":[102],"build":[103],"solutions":[104],"are":[106],"more":[107,113,143],"energy-efficient,":[108],"less":[109],"carbon":[110],"intensive":[111],"cost":[114],"effective":[115],"their":[117],"air-cooled":[118],"predecessors.":[119],"Energy":[121],"Efficient":[122],"HPC":[123,139],"Working":[124],"Group":[125],"developing":[127],"warmer":[130],"liquid-cooling":[131],"temperatures":[132],"in":[133],"order":[134],"standardize":[136],"facility":[137],"equipment,":[140],"provide":[142],"reuse":[146],"waste":[148],"heat.":[149],"report":[151],"describes":[152],"development":[154],"those":[156],"guidelines.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-08T08:50:53.379069","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
