{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2181423831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2047862.2047888","title":"Towards automatic generation of formal specifications to validate and verify reliable distributed systems","display_name":"Towards automatic generation of formal specifications to validate and verify reliable distributed systems","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2181423831","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2047862.2047888","mag":"2181423831"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2047862.2047888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2047862.2047888","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM international conference on Generative programming and component engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034850495","display_name":"Vidar Sl\u00e5tten","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vidar Sl\u00e5tten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071988834","display_name":"Frank Alexander Kraemer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8657-5379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Alexander Kraemer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036208048","display_name":"Peter Herrmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3830-466X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Herrmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034850495"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9281,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8653537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"147","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8480029106140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.657701849937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-modeling-language","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","score":0.6012147665023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5708767175674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5654100775718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.5309395790100098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.4816952645778656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.44446682929992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4176154136657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.4145851731300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.35329264402389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3454146385192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2545894980430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.11556950211524963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8480029106140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.657701849937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145644426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169411","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","level":3,"score":0.6012147665023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5708767175674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5654100775718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.5309395790100098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.4816952645778656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.44446682929992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4176154136657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.4145851731300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.35329264402389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3454146385192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2545894980430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.11556950211524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2047862.2047888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2047862.2047888","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM international conference on Generative programming and component engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84960321","https://openalex.org/W563821047","https://openalex.org/W1494407683","https://openalex.org/W1504504841","https://openalex.org/W1513291134","https://openalex.org/W1523464887","https://openalex.org/W1530830330","https://openalex.org/W1579092995","https://openalex.org/W1589071908","https://openalex.org/W1774905732","https://openalex.org/W2015937909","https://openalex.org/W2043496916","https://openalex.org/W2048892506","https://openalex.org/W2098039922","https://openalex.org/W2104877841","https://openalex.org/W2117013774","https://openalex.org/W2118713304","https://openalex.org/W2120450154","https://openalex.org/W2125047630","https://openalex.org/W2128475506","https://openalex.org/W2134084873","https://openalex.org/W2137467159","https://openalex.org/W2149761953","https://openalex.org/W2152178541","https://openalex.org/W2158744698","https://openalex.org/W6634689330"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037121848","https://openalex.org/W4312733571","https://openalex.org/W2006962382","https://openalex.org/W2149716943","https://openalex.org/W4315606162","https://openalex.org/W2340807904","https://openalex.org/W1547517160","https://openalex.org/W1483297389","https://openalex.org/W2171674700","https://openalex.org/W1946493810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,183],"validation":[1],"and":[2,10,103,145,180,195],"verification":[3],"of":[4,34,50,61,97,112,126,155,162,170,178,190,201],"reliable":[5],"systems":[6],"is":[7,19,39,142,149,172],"a":[8,27,68,95,134,191],"difficult":[9,20],"complex":[11,40],"task,":[12],"mainly":[13],"for":[14],"two":[15],"reasons:":[16],"First,":[17],"it":[18,38],"to":[21,30,32,41,47,82,158,174,205],"precisely":[22],"state":[23,53,208],"which":[24,55,71,138],"formal":[25],"properties":[26],"system":[28],"needs":[29],"fulfil":[31],"be":[33],"high":[35],"quality.":[36],"Second,":[37],"automatically":[42],"verify":[43],"such":[44],"properties,":[45],"due":[46],"the":[48,51,59,113,139,146,156,159,163,168,176,188,199,211],"size":[49],"analysis":[52],"space":[54],"grows":[56],"exponentially":[57],"with":[58,187],"number":[60],"components.":[62],"We":[63],"tackle":[64],"these":[65],"problems":[66],"by":[67,151],"tool-supported":[69],"method":[70],"embeds":[72],"application":[73],"functionality":[74],"in":[75,130,137,210],"building":[76],"blocks":[77],"that":[78,120],"use":[79,94,200],"UML":[80],"activities":[81],"describe":[83,88],"their":[84,89],"internal":[85],"behaviour.":[86,123],"To":[87],"externally":[90],"visible":[91],"behaviour,":[92],"we":[93,108,196],"combination":[96],"complementary":[98],"interface":[99,114,202],"contracts,":[100,115],"so-called":[101],"ESMs":[102],"EESMs.":[104],"In":[105],"this":[106],"paper,":[107],"present":[109],"an":[110,152],"extension":[111],"External":[116],"Reliability":[117],"Contracts":[118],"(ERCs),":[119],"capture":[121],"failure":[122],"This":[124],"separation":[125],"different":[127],"behavioural":[128],"aspects":[129],"separate":[131,175],"descriptions":[132],"facilitates":[133],"two-step":[135],"analysis,":[136],"first":[140],"step":[141,148],"completely":[143],"automated":[144],"second":[147],"facilitated":[150],"automatic":[153],"translation":[154],"models":[157],"input":[160],"syntax":[161],"model":[164],"checker":[165],"TLC.":[166],"Further,":[167],"cascade":[169],"contracts":[171,203],"used":[173],"work":[177],"domain":[179],"reliability":[181],"experts.":[182],"concepts":[184],"are":[185],"proposed":[186],"background":[189],"real":[192],"industry":[193],"case,":[194],"demonstrate":[197],"how":[198],"leads":[204],"significantly":[206],"smaller":[207],"spaces":[209],"analysis.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}