{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003785947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2047196.2047257","title":"The 1line keyboard","display_name":"The 1line keyboard","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003785947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2047196.2047257","mag":"2003785947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2047196.2047257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2047196.2047257","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058373470","display_name":"Frank Chun Yat Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Chun Yat Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto, Toronto, On, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, On, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089930741","display_name":"Richard Guy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6005-480X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard T. Guy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto, Toronto, On, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, On, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089292344","display_name":"Koji Yatani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-0420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koji Yatani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto, Toronto, On, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, On, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021879561","display_name":"Khai N. Truong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-5964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khai N. Truong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","University of Toronto, Toronto, On, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, On, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4889,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":106,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96734936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"461","last_page":"470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-logging","display_name":"Keystroke logging","score":0.8379521369934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7590391635894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.6020255088806152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-keyboard","display_name":"Virtual keyboard","score":0.5400181412696838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-entry","display_name":"Text entry","score":0.5071208477020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4101509749889374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3995407223701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3895551562309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.35945022106170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.29836657643318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17688006162643433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1562403440475464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161615301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309396","display_name":"Keystroke logging","level":2,"score":0.8379521369934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7590391635894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.6020255088806152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780367331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861170","display_name":"Virtual keyboard","level":2,"score":0.5400181412696838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988504831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192366","display_name":"Text entry","level":2,"score":0.5071208477020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4101509749889374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3995407223701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3895551562309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.35945022106170654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.29836657643318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17688006162643433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1562403440475464}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2047196.2047257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2047196.2047257","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94790527","https://openalex.org/W186835057","https://openalex.org/W1480985346","https://openalex.org/W1968311814","https://openalex.org/W1972648436","https://openalex.org/W1985445120","https://openalex.org/W1999806644","https://openalex.org/W2023770287","https://openalex.org/W2058444391","https://openalex.org/W2099287431","https://openalex.org/W2100019621","https://openalex.org/W2103751734","https://openalex.org/W2104268896","https://openalex.org/W2124982312","https://openalex.org/W2133119840","https://openalex.org/W2140986116","https://openalex.org/W2142620629","https://openalex.org/W2146099004","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2165645720","https://openalex.org/W2169710492","https://openalex.org/W2171622337"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992328550","https://openalex.org/W2739883729","https://openalex.org/W3162852916","https://openalex.org/W3092579534","https://openalex.org/W4225103676","https://openalex.org/W2070092538","https://openalex.org/W1938152469","https://openalex.org/W2158389624","https://openalex.org/W2035123661","https://openalex.org/W2003785947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"soft":[1,37],"QWERTY":[2,38,57,70,93],"keyboards":[3],"often":[4],"consume":[5],"a":[6,36,73,92,134,157,170],"large":[7],"portion":[8],"of":[9,50,53,65,81,91,110,159],"the":[10,21,33,51,54,62,68,82,101,103,108,127,130,151,176,183],"screen":[11],"space":[12,17],"on":[13,25,87,95,107,126],"portable":[14],"touchscreens.":[15],"This":[16],"consumption":[18],"can":[19,115],"diminish":[20],"overall":[22],"user":[23,104,114],"experi-ence":[24],"these":[26],"devices.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"paper,":[30],"we":[31,139,174],"present":[32],"1Line":[34,152,184],"keyboard,":[35],"keyboard":[39,60,94,131,153,185],"that":[40,141],"is":[41,85],"140":[42],"pixels":[43],"tall":[44],"(in":[45],"landscape":[46],"mode)":[47],"and":[48,122,124,154],"40%":[49],"height":[52],"native":[55],"iPad":[56],"keyboard.":[58],"Our":[59],"condenses":[61],"three":[63],"rows":[64],"keys":[66,84,111],"in":[67],"normal":[69],"layout":[71,90],"into":[72],"single":[74],"line":[75],"with":[76,182],"eight":[77,83],"keys.":[78],"The":[79,98,113],"sizing":[80],"based":[86,106],"users'":[88],"mental":[89],"an":[96,137],"iPad.":[97],"system":[99],"disambiguates":[100],"word":[102],"types":[105],"sequence":[109],"pressed.":[112],"use":[116,150],"flick":[117],"gestures":[118],"to":[119,132,145,149,186],"perform":[120],"backspace":[121],"enter,":[123],"tap":[125],"bezel":[128],"below":[129],"input":[133],"space.":[135],"Through":[136],"evaluation,":[138],"show":[140],"participants":[142],"are":[143],"able":[144],"quickly":[146],"learn":[147],"how":[148],"type":[155],"at":[156],"rate":[158,181],"over":[160],"30":[161],"WPM":[162],"after":[163],"just":[164],"five":[165],"20-minute":[166],"typing":[167],"sessions.":[168],"Using":[169],"keystroke":[171],"level":[172],"model,":[173],"predict":[175],"peak":[177],"expert":[178],"text":[179],"entry":[180],"be":[187],"66--68":[188],"WPM.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}