{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049452590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046707.2046726","title":"Policy auditing over incomplete logs","display_name":"Policy auditing over incomplete logs","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049452590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046707.2046726","mag":"2049452590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2046707.2046726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046707.2046726","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026719321","display_name":"Deepak Garg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0888-3093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Garg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087946116","display_name":"Limin Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-349X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Limin Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111177928","display_name":"Anupam Datta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5125-7588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anupam Datta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Moffett Field, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Moffett Field, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026719321"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.8196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99619361,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"151","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8258428573608398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.7139575481414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6967802047729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.593194842338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5174118280410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4013917148113251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2545929253101349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.21558257937431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.13929390907287598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8258428573608398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.7139575481414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6967802047729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.593194842338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5174118280410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4013917148113251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2545929253101349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.21558257937431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.13929390907287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2046707.2046726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046707.2046726","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123203000","https://openalex.org/W1504714130","https://openalex.org/W1540180001","https://openalex.org/W1544658515","https://openalex.org/W1581671536","https://openalex.org/W1588557629","https://openalex.org/W1591941310","https://openalex.org/W1825341937","https://openalex.org/W1903917666","https://openalex.org/W1986789244","https://openalex.org/W1988443617","https://openalex.org/W2027158876","https://openalex.org/W2027680510","https://openalex.org/W2030263557","https://openalex.org/W2031188261","https://openalex.org/W2063150593","https://openalex.org/W2066266646","https://openalex.org/W2096063762","https://openalex.org/W2096647332","https://openalex.org/W2100579696","https://openalex.org/W2105401205","https://openalex.org/W2105594444","https://openalex.org/W2111513652","https://openalex.org/W2121381561","https://openalex.org/W2128755207","https://openalex.org/W2135600671","https://openalex.org/W2144102501","https://openalex.org/W2145820326","https://openalex.org/W2153385696","https://openalex.org/W2346440634","https://openalex.org/W2785032374","https://openalex.org/W2912325086","https://openalex.org/W2913459036","https://openalex.org/W6605027634"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1667647204","https://openalex.org/W2404647514","https://openalex.org/W4247536566","https://openalex.org/W2018477250","https://openalex.org/W3119814709","https://openalex.org/W4241418540","https://openalex.org/W1508895727","https://openalex.org/W2725786787","https://openalex.org/W1875930651","https://openalex.org/W1590965489"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,63,165,176],"present":[1],"the":[2,72,89,97,139,144,158,181,194,211,220],"design,":[3],"implementation":[4,183,200],"and":[5,18,147,170,179],"evaluation":[6],"of":[7,75,88,100,138,197],"an":[8],"algorithm":[9,221],"that":[10,34,56,152,190,219],"checks":[11,135],"audit":[12,107,206],"logs":[13,108,207],"for":[14,174,187,208],"compliance":[15,32,209],"with":[16,162,210],"privacy":[17],"security":[19],"policies.":[20,198],"The":[21,78,199],"algorithm,":[22],"which":[23,93],"we":[24],"name":[25],"reduce,":[26],"addresses":[27],"two":[28,185],"fundamental":[29],"challenges":[30],"in":[31,36,39,52,81,130,228],"checking":[33],"arise":[35],"practice.":[37,229],"First,":[38],"order":[40],"to":[41,44,70,118,203,225],"be":[42,155,226],"applicable":[43],"realistic":[45],"policies,":[46],"reduce":[47,127,178],"operates":[48],"on":[49,65],"policies":[50],"expressed":[51],"a":[53,121,149],"first-order":[54],"logic":[55,68,79],"allows":[57],"restricted":[58,73],"quantification":[59,95],"over":[60,96,143],"infinite":[61,98],"domains.":[62],"build":[64],"ideas":[66],"from":[67],"programming":[69],"identify":[71],"form":[74],"quantified":[76],"formulas.":[77],"can,":[80],"particular,":[82],"express":[83],"all":[84],"84":[85],"disclosure-related":[86],"clauses":[87],"HIPAA":[90,212],"Privacy":[91,213],"Rule,":[92],"involve":[94],"set":[99],"messages":[101],"containing":[102],"personal":[103],"information.":[104,164],"Second,":[105],"since":[106],"are":[109,191],"inherently":[110],"incomplete":[111],"(they":[112],"may":[113],"not":[114],"contain":[115],"sufficient":[116],"information":[117],"determine":[119],"whether":[120],"policy":[122,140,151],"is":[123,160,201,222],"violated":[124],"or":[125],"not),":[126],"proceeds":[128],"iteratively:":[129],"each":[131],"iteration,":[132],"it":[133],"provably":[134],"as":[136,141],"much":[137],"possible":[142],"current":[145],"log":[146,159],"outputs":[148],"residual":[150],"can":[153],"only":[154],"checked":[156],"when":[157],"extended":[161],"additional":[163],"prove":[166],"correctness,":[167],"termination,":[168],"time":[169],"space":[171],"complexity":[172],"results":[173,217],"reduce.":[175],"implement":[177],"optimize":[180],"base":[182],"using":[184],"heuristics":[186],"database":[188],"indexing":[189],"guided":[192],"by":[193],"syntactic":[195],"structure":[196],"used":[202,227],"check":[204],"simulated":[205],"Rule.":[214],"Our":[215],"experimental":[216],"demonstrate":[218],"fast":[223],"enough":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}