{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129236194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046707.2046721","title":"PaperSpeckle","display_name":"PaperSpeckle","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129236194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046707.2046721","mag":"2129236194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2046707.2046721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046707.2046721","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032046158","display_name":"Ashlesh Sharma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36672615","display_name":"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037tm7f56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashlesh Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Courant Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA","Courant Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Courant Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Courant Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072232894","display_name":"Lakshminarayanan Subramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8101-1243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36672615","display_name":"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037tm7f56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lakshminarayanan Subramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Courant Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA","Courant Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Courant Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Courant Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Eric A. Brewer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric A. Brewer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032046158"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8127,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86339609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"99","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.7618258595466614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7467834949493408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6991416811943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.5454698801040649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4940848648548126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-recognition","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","score":0.456596702337265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.4520922601222992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","score":0.43628332018852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3789370656013489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.367467999458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2673863172531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.21271666884422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08860686421394348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7618258595466614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7467834949493408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6991416811943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.5454698801040649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4940848648548126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.456596702337265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4520922601222992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.43628332018852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3789370656013489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.367467999458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2673863172531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21271666884422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08860686421394348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2046707.2046721","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046707.2046721","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1017112071","https://openalex.org/W1481810252","https://openalex.org/W1555352489","https://openalex.org/W1558667191","https://openalex.org/W1558882078","https://openalex.org/W2011360449","https://openalex.org/W2062270049","https://openalex.org/W2063392856","https://openalex.org/W2073808537","https://openalex.org/W2074319623","https://openalex.org/W2092988036","https://openalex.org/W2100285737","https://openalex.org/W2103384342","https://openalex.org/W2133848017","https://openalex.org/W2143956077","https://openalex.org/W2161439816","https://openalex.org/W2167433100","https://openalex.org/W2169212403","https://openalex.org/W2212171473","https://openalex.org/W2264739988","https://openalex.org/W2465567107","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6669385076"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014822659","https://openalex.org/W4362496757","https://openalex.org/W2566091814","https://openalex.org/W4389371618","https://openalex.org/W2051501574","https://openalex.org/W2117826006","https://openalex.org/W2114937328","https://openalex.org/W2148654711","https://openalex.org/W2608025327","https://openalex.org/W1621827506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Paper":[0],"forgery":[1],"is":[2,45,174],"among":[3],"the":[4,24,89,96,106,114],"leading":[5],"causes":[6],"of":[7,38,92,136,140,159],"corruption":[8],"in":[9,29,42,56,183],"many":[10],"developing":[11,43],"regions.":[12],"In":[13,124],"this":[14],"paper,":[15,93,115,147,160],"we":[16,126,161],"introduce":[17],"PaperSpeckle,":[18,125],"a":[19,33,48,100,118,131,137,141,150,167],"robust":[20,168],"system":[21],"that":[22,83,163],"leverages":[23],"natural":[25],"randomness":[26],"property":[27],"present":[28],"paper":[30,50,75,80,142,173],"to":[31,46,113,116,121,129,177],"generate":[32],"fingerprint":[34,120,170],"for":[35,54],"any":[36],"piece":[37],"paper.":[39,123],"Our":[40],"goal":[41],"PaperSpeckle":[44,94,164],"build":[47],"low-cost":[49,144],"based":[51,76,87],"authentication":[52],"mechanism":[53],"applications":[55],"rural":[57],"regions":[58],"such":[59],"as":[60],"microfinance,":[61],"healthcare,":[62],"land":[63],"ownership":[64],"records,":[65],"supply":[66],"chain":[67],"services":[68],"and":[69,149],"education":[70],"which":[71],"heavily":[72],"rely":[73],"on":[74,88,112,156],"records.":[77],"Unlike":[78],"prior":[79],"fingerprinting":[81],"techniques":[82],"have":[84],"extracted":[85],"fingerprints":[86],"fiber":[90],"structure":[91],"uses":[95],"texture":[97,133],"speckle":[98,134],"pattern,":[99],"random":[101],"bright/dark":[102],"region":[103,139],"formation":[104],"at":[105],"microscopic":[107,138],"level":[108],"when":[109],"light":[110],"falls":[111],"extract":[117,130],"unique":[119],"identify":[122],"show":[127,162],"how":[128],"\"repeatable\"":[132],"pattern":[135],"using":[143],"machinery":[145],"involving":[146],"pen":[148],"cheap":[151],"microscope.":[152],"Using":[153],"extensive":[154],"testing":[155],"different":[157],"types":[158],"can":[165],"produce":[166],"repeatable":[169],"even":[171],"if":[172],"damaged":[175],"due":[176],"crumpling,":[178],"printing":[179],"or":[180,185],"scribbling,":[181],"soaking":[182],"water":[184],"aging":[186],"with":[187],"time.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
