{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101765290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046684.2046694","title":"Prioritizing intrusion analysis using Dempster-Shafer theory","display_name":"Prioritizing intrusion analysis using Dempster-Shafer theory","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101765290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046684.2046694","mag":"2101765290"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2046684.2046694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046684.2046694","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th ACM workshop on Security and artificial intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024432449","display_name":"Loai Zomlot","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Loai Zomlot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013192673","display_name":"Sathya Chandran Sundaramurthy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sathya Chandran Sundaramurthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100688246","display_name":"Kui Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0967-1156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113810433","display_name":"Xinming Ou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2501-7991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinming Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108572482","display_name":"S. Raj Rajagopalan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Raj Rajagopalan","raw_affiliation_strings":["HP Labs, Princeton, NJ, USA","HP Labs., Princeton, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Labs, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HP Labs., Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024432449"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4813,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95901607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"59","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6942429542541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6647419929504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-network","display_name":"Bayesian network","score":0.6288923025131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.6159785985946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sort","display_name":"sort","score":0.5631768703460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.548751175403595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dempster\u2013shafer-theory","display_name":"Dempster\u2013Shafer theory","score":0.5076733827590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjective-logic","display_name":"Subjective logic","score":0.4519011378288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.4483295679092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-structure","display_name":"Belief structure","score":0.4418872594833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.4289079010486603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38239121437072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3773266673088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2777717411518097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.16261610388755798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.11646199226379395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6942429542541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6647419929504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33724603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812540","display_name":"Bayesian network","level":2,"score":0.6288923025131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.6159785985946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.5631768703460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.548751175403595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178011137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285997","display_name":"Dempster\u2013Shafer theory","level":2,"score":0.5076733827590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113839178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631418","display_name":"Subjective logic","level":3,"score":0.4519011378288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.4483295679092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44973800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4882755","display_name":"Belief structure","level":2,"score":0.4418872594833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.4289079010486603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38239121437072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3773266673088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2777717411518097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.16261610388755798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.11646199226379395}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2046684.2046694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046684.2046694","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 4th ACM workshop on Security and artificial intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.365.8505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.365.8505","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://people.cis.ksu.edu/~xou/publications/aisec11.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.365.8786","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.365.8786","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://people.cis.ksu.edu/~sathya/papers/aisec11.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.365.8896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.365.8896","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://people.cis.ksu.edu/~lzomlot/aisec11.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103070857","https://openalex.org/W646851550","https://openalex.org/W1488676795","https://openalex.org/W1518431406","https://openalex.org/W1526328753","https://openalex.org/W1546161684","https://openalex.org/W1564102710","https://openalex.org/W1591480890","https://openalex.org/W1600834507","https://openalex.org/W1755360231","https://openalex.org/W1972526882","https://openalex.org/W1988918299","https://openalex.org/W1995732126","https://openalex.org/W2002547931","https://openalex.org/W2096545824","https://openalex.org/W2107008217","https://openalex.org/W2108780652","https://openalex.org/W2108897754","https://openalex.org/W2109431881","https://openalex.org/W2109662977","https://openalex.org/W2115149820","https://openalex.org/W2115267384","https://openalex.org/W2130906372","https://openalex.org/W2136708625","https://openalex.org/W2144958981","https://openalex.org/W2152449272","https://openalex.org/W2156204309","https://openalex.org/W2163277533","https://openalex.org/W2170701348","https://openalex.org/W2171463505","https://openalex.org/W2366488362","https://openalex.org/W2797148637","https://openalex.org/W3122686774","https://openalex.org/W3135462031","https://openalex.org/W3215067383","https://openalex.org/W4299818172","https://openalex.org/W4301347335","https://openalex.org/W6676326812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084973197","https://openalex.org/W2116644838","https://openalex.org/W2376340883","https://openalex.org/W398926217","https://openalex.org/W2123173515","https://openalex.org/W1587782513","https://openalex.org/W2063126384","https://openalex.org/W2140836726","https://openalex.org/W2540443233","https://openalex.org/W2025498053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intrusion":[0,32],"analysis":[1,168],"and":[2,110,165,176,191],"incident":[3],"management":[4],"remains":[5],"a":[6,86,142,146,150,170,196,204],"difficult":[7],"problem":[8,19,259],"in":[9,27,53,93,242,252,260],"practical":[10,89],"network":[11],"security":[12],"defense.":[13],"The":[14,155,207],"root":[15],"cause":[16],"of":[17,24,40,57,60,88,116,173,198,229],"this":[18,54],"is":[20,153],"the":[21,28,38,41,58,74,80,114,174,177,186,218,226,232,237,254],"large":[22],"rate":[23,258],"false":[25,256],"positives":[26],"sensors":[29],"used":[30,160,241],"by":[31,169,224,236],"Detection":[33],"System":[34],"(IDS)":[35],"systems,":[36],"reducing":[37],"value":[39],"alerts":[42],"to":[43,69,96,101,106,112,161],"an":[44,67,122,132],"administrator.":[45],"Standard":[46],"Bayesian":[47],"theory":[48],"has":[49],"not":[50],"been":[51],"effective":[52,251],"regard":[55],"because":[56],"lack":[59,115],"good":[61],"prior":[62,77],"knowledge.":[63],"This":[64],"paper":[65],"presents":[66],"approach":[68,184],"handling":[70],"such":[71,108],"uncertainty":[72],"without":[73],"need":[75],"for":[76,125,145,185],"information,":[78],"through":[79,213],"Dempster-Shafer":[81],"(DS)":[82],"theory.":[83],"We":[84,120,180],"address":[85,113],"number":[87,197],"but":[90],"fundamental":[91],"issues":[92],"applying":[94],"DS":[95,128],"intrusion":[97,261],"analysis,":[98],"including":[99],"how":[100,111],"model":[102],"sensors'":[103],"trustworthiness,":[104],"where":[105],"obtain":[107],"parameters,":[109],"independence":[117],"among":[118],"alerts.":[119],"present":[121],"efficient":[123],"algorithm":[124],"carrying":[126],"out":[127],"belief":[129,143,156,209,227,247],"calculation":[130],"on":[131,195,217],"IDS":[133,188],"alert":[134],"correlation":[135],"graph,":[136],"so":[137],"that":[138,246],"one":[139],"can":[140,158,249],"compute":[141],"score":[144],"given":[147],"hypothesis,":[148],"e.g.":[149],"specific":[151],"machine":[152],"compromised.":[154],"strength":[157],"be":[159,250],"sort":[162],"incident-related":[163],"hypotheses":[164,175,230],"prioritize":[166],"further":[167],"human":[171],"analyst":[172],"associated":[178],"evidence.":[179],"have":[181],"implemented":[182],"our":[183],"open-source":[187],"system":[189,220],"Snort":[190],"evaluated":[192],"its":[193],"effectiveness":[194],"data":[199,238],"sets":[200,239],"as":[201,203,221,223],"well":[202,222],"production":[205,219],"network.":[206],"resulting":[208],"scores":[210,248],"were":[211],"verified":[212],"both":[214],"anecdotal":[215],"experience":[216],"comparing":[225],"rankings":[228],"with":[231],"ground":[233],"truths":[234],"provided":[235],"we":[240],"evaluation,":[243],"showing":[244],"thereby":[245],"mitigating":[253],"high":[255],"positive":[257],"analysis.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
