{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135579486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046556.2046570","title":"Website fingerprinting in onion routing based anonymization networks","display_name":"Website fingerprinting in onion routing based anonymization networks","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135579486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046556.2046570","mag":"2135579486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2046556.2046570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046556.2046570","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101804733","display_name":"Andriy Panchenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2563-4234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andriy Panchenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108431873","display_name":"L. Niessen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Niessen","raw_affiliation_strings":["RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000412970","display_name":"Andreas Zinnen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Zinnen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009071576","display_name":"Thomas Engel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-3927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Engel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101804733"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.8541,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":491,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99647187,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"103","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8355190753936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.6782218217849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4954169988632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-rate","display_name":"False positive rate","score":0.47126126289367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.45856037735939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45191699266433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34771186113357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33642154932022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22580385208129883}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8355190753936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.6782218217849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4954169988632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95922358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432725","display_name":"False positive rate","level":2,"score":0.47126126289367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.45856037735939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45191699266433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34771186113357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33642154932022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22580385208129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2046556.2046570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2046556.2046570","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.300.1587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.300.1587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.freehaven.net/anonbib/cache/wpes11-panchenko.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/10401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/10401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"18th ACM Computer and Communications Security (ACM CCS) Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society (WPES) (2011); 18th ACM Computer and Communications Security (ACM CCS) Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society (WPES), Chicago, United States - Illinois [US-IL], October 2011","raw_type":"peer reviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105475431","https://openalex.org/W189766157","https://openalex.org/W1488267921","https://openalex.org/W1545050218","https://openalex.org/W1563088657","https://openalex.org/W1590015132","https://openalex.org/W1590765731","https://openalex.org/W1591967853","https://openalex.org/W1608222975","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1779735989","https://openalex.org/W1866884617","https://openalex.org/W1875604605","https://openalex.org/W1912123407","https://openalex.org/W1916902331","https://openalex.org/W2060312080","https://openalex.org/W2108217512","https://openalex.org/W2112178441","https://openalex.org/W2127295197","https://openalex.org/W2135088779","https://openalex.org/W2167266744","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W6629053253","https://openalex.org/W6637957265","https://openalex.org/W6639092898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966494590","https://openalex.org/W1593132758","https://openalex.org/W2117874351","https://openalex.org/W3023934611","https://openalex.org/W2157186778","https://openalex.org/W2082747743","https://openalex.org/W1993929477","https://openalex.org/W2071573776","https://openalex.org/W2942963309","https://openalex.org/W2033319591"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-latency":[0],"anonymization":[1,36,63],"networks":[2,47],"such":[3,46],"as":[4,87,89,252],"Tor":[5,82,153,272],"and":[6,13,33,58,83,93,114,158,186,270],"JAP":[7,84,160],"claim":[8],"to":[9,48,70,140,156,163,182,231,255,268,277],"hide":[10],"the":[11,14,28,31,34,62,117,122,134,205,213,218,257,262],"recipient":[12],"content":[15],"of":[16,61,116,144,192,198,200,207,229,238,245],"communications":[17],"from":[18,154,161,266,275],"a":[19,120,148,168,175,183,196,223,234,246,253],"local":[20],"observer,":[21],"i.e.,":[22,190],"an":[23,59],"entity":[24],"that":[25,79,249],"can":[26],"eavesdrop":[27],"traffic":[29],"between":[30],"user":[32],"first":[35,103,214],"node.":[37],"Especially":[38],"users":[39],"in":[40,81,152,159,195,217],"totalitarian":[41],"regimes":[42],"strongly":[43],"depend":[44],"on":[45,111,147],"freely":[49],"communicate.":[50],"For":[51,260],"these":[52],"people,":[53],"anonymity":[54,80],"is":[55,68,85,212],"particularly":[56],"important":[57],"analysis":[60],"methods":[64],"against":[65],"various":[66],"attacks":[67,98],"necessary":[69],"ensure":[71],"adequate":[72],"protection.":[73],"In":[74,174],"this":[75,210],"paper":[76],"we":[77,178,241],"show":[78,242],"not":[86],"strong":[88],"expected":[90],"so":[91],"far":[92],"cannot":[94],"resist":[95],"website":[96,107],"fingerprinting":[97,108,258],"under":[99],"certain":[100],"circumstances.":[101],"We":[102,128,137,221],"define":[104],"features":[105],"for":[106,233,271],"solely":[109],"based":[110],"volume,":[112],"time,":[113],"direction":[115],"traffic.":[118],"As":[119],"result,":[121],"subsequent":[123],"classification":[124],"becomes":[125],"much":[126],"easier.":[127],"apply":[129],"support":[130],"vector":[131],"machines":[132],"with":[133,170],"introduced":[135],"features.":[136],"are":[138],"able":[139],"improve":[141],"recognition":[142,191],"results":[143,244],"existing":[145],"works":[146],"given":[149],"state-of-the-art":[150],"dataset":[151],"3%":[155],"55%":[157,276],"20%":[162],"80%.":[164],"The":[165],"datasets":[166],"assume":[167],"closed-world":[169],"775":[171],"websites":[172,194],"only.":[173],"next":[176],"step,":[177],"transfer":[179],"our":[180,208],"findings":[181],"more":[184],"complex":[185],"realistic":[187],"open-world":[188,219],"scenario,":[189],"several":[193],"set":[197],"thousands":[199],"random":[201],"unknown":[202],"websites.":[203],"To":[204],"best":[206],"knowledge,":[209],"work":[211],"successful":[215],"attack":[216],"scenario.":[220],"achieve":[222],"surprisingly":[224],"high":[225],"true":[226],"positive":[227,236],"rate":[228,237,264],"up":[230],"73%":[232],"false":[235],"0.05%.":[239],"Finally,":[240],"preliminary":[243],"proof-of-concept":[247],"implementation":[248],"applies":[250],"camouflage":[251],"countermeasure":[254],"hamper":[256],"attack.":[259],"JAP,":[261],"detection":[263],"decreases":[265],"80%":[267],"4%":[269],"it":[273],"drops":[274],"about":[278],"3%.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-04-06T07:47:59.780226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}