{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116150549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2043621.2043627","title":"The Frog-Boiling Attack","display_name":"The Frog-Boiling Attack","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116150549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2043621.2043627","mag":"2116150549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2043621.2043627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2043621.2043627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2642811","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information and System Security","issn_l":"1094-9224","issn":["1094-9224","1557-7406"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information and System Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068148122","display_name":"Eric Chan\u2010Tin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8367-5836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131712","display_name":"Oklahoma State University Oklahoma City","ror":"https://ror.org/03y1zyv86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Chan-Tin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oklahoma State University","Oklahoma State University,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma State University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131712"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083678689","display_name":"Victor Heorhiadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8365-3717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800403580","display_name":"University of Minnesota System","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Heorhiadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051550317","display_name":"Nicholas Hopper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2536-9587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800403580","display_name":"University of Minnesota System","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Hopper","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073822030","display_name":"Yongdae Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-1262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800403580","display_name":"University of Minnesota System","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongdae Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800403580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5043,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89918699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8285360932350159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5897558331489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent","display_name":"BitTorrent","score":0.5423458814620972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5018973350524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4498502314090729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4479031562805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-system","display_name":"Coordinate system","score":0.4392678737640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-to-peer","display_name":"Peer-to-peer","score":0.15799865126609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11410930752754211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8285360932350159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5897558331489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520566109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133862","display_name":"BitTorrent","level":3,"score":0.5423458814620972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5018973350524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4498502314090729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4479031562805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80551277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11210","display_name":"Coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.4392678737640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534932454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161410","display_name":"Peer-to-peer","level":2,"score":0.15799865126609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11410930752754211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2043621.2043627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2043621.2043627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2642811","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information and System Security","issn_l":"1094-9224","issn":["1094-9224","1557-7406"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information and System Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1623981540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-0716025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51997014","https://openalex.org/W71185953","https://openalex.org/W134713352","https://openalex.org/W1494215701","https://openalex.org/W1507901492","https://openalex.org/W1520758946","https://openalex.org/W1520914943","https://openalex.org/W1577912837","https://openalex.org/W1721827452","https://openalex.org/W1829251697","https://openalex.org/W1990851127","https://openalex.org/W1994982577","https://openalex.org/W1996497509","https://openalex.org/W1998268574","https://openalex.org/W2002913916","https://openalex.org/W2048935806","https://openalex.org/W2054278783","https://openalex.org/W2075080948","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2110980583","https://openalex.org/W2132051999","https://openalex.org/W2135143063","https://openalex.org/W2137033465","https://openalex.org/W2138629529","https://openalex.org/W2140160216","https://openalex.org/W2142406566","https://openalex.org/W2143339817","https://openalex.org/W2150847526","https://openalex.org/W2150927491","https://openalex.org/W2151298633","https://openalex.org/W2153319198","https://openalex.org/W2159692093","https://openalex.org/W2170063609","https://openalex.org/W2170277382","https://openalex.org/W2172213884","https://openalex.org/W2294041420","https://openalex.org/W2401382844","https://openalex.org/W2997709458","https://openalex.org/W4210842697","https://openalex.org/W4230593636","https://openalex.org/W4232315124","https://openalex.org/W4241257019","https://openalex.org/W4244311273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081918782","https://openalex.org/W955465953","https://openalex.org/W2347387859","https://openalex.org/W2001742163","https://openalex.org/W2135424926","https://openalex.org/W4240078698","https://openalex.org/W1547086384","https://openalex.org/W2952766530","https://openalex.org/W4292813431","https://openalex.org/W2138883974"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"network":[1,13,19,66,103,123,132,203],"coordinate":[2,67,124,133,204],"system":[3,120,145],"assigns":[4],"Euclidean":[5],"\u201cvirtual\u201d":[6],"coordinates":[7,160],"to":[8,14,71,77,84,121,152,188,200],"every":[9],"node":[10],"in":[11,36,162],"a":[12,37,93,99,117,128,144,202],"allow":[15],"easy":[16],"estimation":[17],"of":[18,23,39,101,139],"latency":[20],"between":[21],"pairs":[22],"nodes":[24],"that":[25,63,98,136,173,186],"have":[26,33],"never":[27],"contacted":[28],"each":[29],"other.":[30],"These":[31],"systems":[32,68,185],"been":[34],"implemented":[35],"variety":[38],"applications,":[40],"most":[41],"notably":[42],"the":[43,102,174,181],"popular":[44],"Vuze":[45],"BitTorrent":[46],"client.":[47],"Zage":[48],"and":[49,54,74,96],"Nita-Rotaru":[50],"(at":[51,59,111],"CCS":[52],"2007)":[53],"independently,":[55],"Kaafar":[56,89],"et":[57,90,109],"al.":[58,91,110],"SIGCOMM":[60],"2007),":[61],"demonstrated":[62],"several":[64],"widely-cited":[65],"are":[69],"prone":[70],"simple":[72],"attacks,":[73],"proposed":[75,115],"mechanisms":[76],"defeat":[78],"these":[79,140],"attacks":[80],"using":[81],"outlier":[82],"detection":[83],"filter":[85],"out":[86],"adversarial":[87],"inputs.":[88],"goes":[92],"step":[94],"further":[95],"requires":[97],"fraction":[100],"is":[104,149,177],"trusted.":[105],"More":[106],"recently,":[107],"Sherr":[108],"USENIX":[112],"ATC":[113],"2009)":[114],"Veracity,":[116],"distributed":[118],"reputation":[119,196],"secure":[122,201],"systems.":[125],"We":[126],"describe":[127],"new":[129],"attack":[130,176],"on":[131],"systems,":[134],"Frog-Boiling,":[135],"defeats":[137],"all":[138],"defenses.":[141],"Thus,":[142],"even":[143],"with":[146],"trusted":[147],"entities":[148],"still":[150],"vulnerable":[151],"attacks.":[153],"Moreover,":[154],"having":[155],"witnesses":[156],"vouch":[157],"for":[158],"your":[159],"as":[161],"Veracity":[163],"does":[164],"not":[165],"prevent":[166],"our":[167],"attack.":[168],"Finally,":[169],"we":[170],"demonstrate":[171],"empirically":[172],"Frog-Boiling":[175],"more":[178],"disruptive":[179],"than":[180],"previously":[182],"known":[183],"attacks:":[184],"attempt":[187],"reject":[189],"\u201cbad\u201d":[190],"inputs":[191],"by":[192],"statistical":[193],"means":[194],"or":[195],"cannot":[197],"be":[198],"used":[199],"system.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
