{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157182386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2038916.2038939","title":"Small cache, big effect","display_name":"Small cache, big effect","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157182386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2038916.2038939","mag":"2157182386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2038916.2038939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2038916.2038939","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101584796","display_name":"Bin Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2682-9060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050218314","display_name":"Hyeontaek Lim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeontaek Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085479490","display_name":"David G. Andersen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David G. Andersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052885090","display_name":"Michael Kaminsky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Kaminsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101584796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.9418,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98874291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8138322830200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.713085412979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6743292808532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.6107552647590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5248354077339172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4762059450149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.47049427032470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.46761617064476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4545447528362274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-invalidation","display_name":"Cache invalidation","score":0.4450058937072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-load-balancing-services","display_name":"Network Load Balancing Services","score":0.4303322732448578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.4268593192100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-algorithms","display_name":"Cache algorithms","score":0.3815170228481293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cpu-cache","display_name":"CPU cache","score":0.3788430094718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.37250611186027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.11686673760414124}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8138322830200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.713085412979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6743292808532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.6107552647590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5248354077339172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4762059450149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.47049427032470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.46761617064476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4545447528362274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25536678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5015977","display_name":"Cache invalidation","level":5,"score":0.4450058937072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161597957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16251507","display_name":"Network Load Balancing Services","level":3,"score":0.4303322732448578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.4268593192100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38556500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13404475","display_name":"Cache algorithms","level":4,"score":0.3815170228481293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189783530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352090","display_name":"CPU cache","level":3,"score":0.3788430094718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.37250611186027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.11686673760414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2038916.2038939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2038916.2038939","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G510727475","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-0964474","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5653896175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DAAD19-02-1-0389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/01mng8331"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57462620","https://openalex.org/W421157177","https://openalex.org/W1236737278","https://openalex.org/W1510496002","https://openalex.org/W1587463421","https://openalex.org/W1678178911","https://openalex.org/W1981420413","https://openalex.org/W2020765652","https://openalex.org/W2032866865","https://openalex.org/W2041315700","https://openalex.org/W2085666943","https://openalex.org/W2093698835","https://openalex.org/W2100830825","https://openalex.org/W2111470409","https://openalex.org/W2111734949","https://openalex.org/W2119565742","https://openalex.org/W2130531694","https://openalex.org/W2133394135","https://openalex.org/W2141257448","https://openalex.org/W2144518192","https://openalex.org/W2144857621","https://openalex.org/W2146627042","https://openalex.org/W2147504831","https://openalex.org/W2150676586","https://openalex.org/W2151062909","https://openalex.org/W2153704625","https://openalex.org/W2158049821","https://openalex.org/W2173213060","https://openalex.org/W2624304035","https://openalex.org/W4238465620","https://openalex.org/W4238584892","https://openalex.org/W4248578633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350993697","https://openalex.org/W2363769136","https://openalex.org/W2046128376","https://openalex.org/W2086718556","https://openalex.org/W2109715593","https://openalex.org/W1863436361","https://openalex.org/W1860107648","https://openalex.org/W57688818","https://openalex.org/W1965891727","https://openalex.org/W2088918039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Load":[0],"balancing":[1,38],"requests":[2],"across":[3],"a":[4,29,93],"cluster":[5],"of":[6,43,70,77],"back-end":[7,71],"servers":[8],"is":[9],"critical":[10],"for":[11,39],"avoiding":[12],"performance":[13],"bottlenecks":[14],"and":[15,59,89],"meeting":[16],"service-level":[17],"objectives":[18],"(SLOs)":[19],"in":[20,80],"large-scale":[21],"cloud":[22],"computing":[23],"services.":[24],"This":[25],"paper":[26],"shows":[27],"how":[28],"small,":[30],"fast":[31],"popularity-based":[32],"front-end":[33],"cache":[34,57],"can":[35],"ensure":[36],"load":[37],"an":[40,49,98],"important":[41],"class":[42],"such":[44],"services;":[45],"furthermore,":[46],"we":[47],"prove":[48],"O(n":[50],"log":[51],"n)":[52],"lower-bound":[53],"on":[54,66,97],"the":[55,67,75,81],"necessary":[56],"size":[58,63],"show":[60],"that":[61],"this":[62],"depends":[64],"only":[65],"total":[68],"number":[69,76],"nodes":[72],"n,":[73],"not":[74],"items":[78],"stored":[79],"system.":[82],"We":[83],"validate":[84],"our":[85],"analysis":[86],"through":[87],"simulation":[88],"empirical":[90],"results":[91],"running":[92],"key-value":[94],"storage":[95],"system":[96],"85-node":[99],"cluster.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}