{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109749051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2038642.2038674","title":"Software certification","display_name":"Software certification","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109749051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2038642.2038674","mag":"2109749051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2038642.2038674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2038642.2038674","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Embedded software","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040778442","display_name":"Klaus Havelund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7079-0472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Havelund","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","Laboratory for Reliable Software (LaRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, 91109-8099, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Reliable Software (LaRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, 91109-8099, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102743235","display_name":"Gerard J. Holzmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-3480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerard J. Holzmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","Laboratory for Reliable Software (LaRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, 91109-8099, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Reliable Software (LaRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, 91109-8099, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"205","last_page":"210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certification","display_name":"Certification","score":0.8801484107971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6418583393096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.6220172643661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5432596802711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.508155107498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.5076929330825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development-process","display_name":"Software development process","score":0.49381503462791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.46969103813171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.46591025590896606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/team-software-process","display_name":"Team software process","score":0.4501146078109741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-software-process","display_name":"Personal software process","score":0.43218791484832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-review","display_name":"Code review","score":0.4300971031188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.41721582412719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.39770743250846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3615712523460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2907696068286896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11660918593406677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.8801484107971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6418583393096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.6220172643661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5432596802711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.508155107498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.5076929330825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180152950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2904257","display_name":"Software development process","level":4,"score":0.49381503462791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.46969103813171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.46591025590896606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51845450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421651","display_name":"Team software process","level":5,"score":0.4501146078109741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1702721","display_name":"Personal software process","level":5,"score":0.43218791484832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.4300971031188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.41721582412719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.39770743250846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3615712523460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2907696068286896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11660918593406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2038642.2038674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2038642.2038674","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Embedded software","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68069235","https://openalex.org/W1943502734","https://openalex.org/W2031311517","https://openalex.org/W2575328986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596216279","https://openalex.org/W2108773545","https://openalex.org/W4211055703","https://openalex.org/W2134109003","https://openalex.org/W1964677430","https://openalex.org/W2370810008","https://openalex.org/W4391164552","https://openalex.org/W2145231972","https://openalex.org/W2147994489","https://openalex.org/W2624931379"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,39,105],"describe":[1],"a":[2,45,79,116],"certification":[3,47,117],"approach":[4],"for":[5,19],"software":[6,28,46,57,80],"development":[7,52,81],"that":[8,29,41,58,83,110,124,166],"has":[9],"been":[10],"adopted":[11],"at":[12],"our":[13],"organization.":[14],"JPL":[15],"develops":[16],"robotic":[17],"spacecraft":[18,32],"the":[20,23,42,51,74,119,122,128,131,146,149],"exploration":[21],"of":[22,44,53,103,130,151],"solar":[24],"system.":[25],"The":[26,133,140,157],"flight":[27],"controls":[30],"these":[31],"is":[33,76,84,125,136,142],"considered":[34],"to":[35,63,77,94],"be":[36,50,60,64,112],"mission":[37],"critical.":[38],"argue":[40],"goal":[43,75],"process":[48,82,135],"cannot":[49],"\"perfect\"":[54],"software,":[55],"i.e.,":[56],"can":[59],"formally":[61],"proven":[62],"correct":[65],"under":[66],"all":[67],"imaginable":[68],"and":[69,127],"unimaginable":[70],"circumstances.":[71],"More":[72],"realistically,":[73],"guarantee":[78],"conducted":[85],"by":[86,138],"knowledgeable":[87],"engineers,":[88],"who":[89],"follow":[90],"generally":[91],"accepted":[92],"procedures":[93],"control":[95],"known":[96],"risks,":[97],"while":[98],"meeting":[99],"agreed":[100],"upon":[101],"standards":[102,147],"workmanship.":[104],"target":[106],"three":[107],"specific":[108],"issues":[109],"must":[111],"addressed":[113],"in":[114,162],"such":[115],"procedure:":[118],"coding":[120,134],"process,":[121],"code":[123,141,155],"developed,":[126],"skills":[129],"coders.":[132],"driven":[137],"standards.":[139],"mechanically":[143],"checked":[144],"against":[145],"with":[148],"help":[150],"state-of-the-art":[152],"static":[153],"source":[154],"analyzers.":[156],"coders,":[158],"finally,":[159],"are":[160],"certified":[161],"on-site":[163],"training":[164],"courses":[165],"include":[167],"formal":[168],"exams.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}