{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2112378171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2030365.2030367","title":"Why-oriented end-user debugging of naive Bayes text classification","display_name":"Why-oriented end-user debugging of naive Bayes text classification","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2112378171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2030365.2030367","mag":"2112378171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2030365.2030367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2030365.2030367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039255125","display_name":"Todd Kulesza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Todd Kulesza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon State University","Oregon State University>"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014846205","display_name":"Simone Stumpf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6482-1973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Stumpf","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University London"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066210234","display_name":"Weng\u2010Keen Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6673-343X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weng-Keen Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon State University","Oregon State University>"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011173372","display_name":"Margaret Burnett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6536-7629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret M. Burnett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon State University","Oregon State University>"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007189189","display_name":"Stephen Perona","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Perona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon State University","Oregon State University>"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037160778","display_name":"Amy J. Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7461-4783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy J. Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047888454","display_name":"Ian Oberst","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Oberst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon State University","Oregon State University>"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon State University>","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039255125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5357,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92845973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13197","display_name":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13197","display_name":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.9298882484436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7787731885910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5493521094322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.5141125321388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.5116775035858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.45660829544067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.44368353486061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.4254719018936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strengths-and-weaknesses","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","score":0.4230273365974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-user","display_name":"End user","score":0.4142313301563263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3329067826271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.095470130443573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.07830759882926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07820883393287659}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.9298882484436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7787731885910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5493521094322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.5141125321388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.5116775035858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.45660829544067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.44368353486061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.4254719018936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.4230273365974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91262260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528074","display_name":"End user","level":2,"score":0.4142313301563263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3329067826271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.095470130443573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.07830759882926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07820883393287659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2030365.2030367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2030365.2030367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:12414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/simone=2Estumpf=2E1.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:261411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/261411/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7568046118","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-0803487IIS-0917366","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","funder_display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/053a2cp42"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148103248","https://openalex.org/W178169250","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1502767928","https://openalex.org/W1532446712","https://openalex.org/W1533957530","https://openalex.org/W1540823594","https://openalex.org/W1544071400","https://openalex.org/W1586098591","https://openalex.org/W1984927662","https://openalex.org/W1994279764","https://openalex.org/W2009190245","https://openalex.org/W2022058268","https://openalex.org/W2025544150","https://openalex.org/W2027440059","https://openalex.org/W2028704507","https://openalex.org/W2030676502","https://openalex.org/W2034957383","https://openalex.org/W2038903004","https://openalex.org/W2054034748","https://openalex.org/W2065267227","https://openalex.org/W2075718943","https://openalex.org/W2087061903","https://openalex.org/W2107387337","https://openalex.org/W2108680488","https://openalex.org/W2108816886","https://openalex.org/W2116124585","https://openalex.org/W2116894194","https://openalex.org/W2117733879","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2127058057","https://openalex.org/W2129639577","https://openalex.org/W2131251708","https://openalex.org/W2134049139","https://openalex.org/W2134874052","https://openalex.org/W2141946720","https://openalex.org/W2150662287","https://openalex.org/W2152589027","https://openalex.org/W2154157725","https://openalex.org/W2159504654","https://openalex.org/W2162410259","https://openalex.org/W2163614729","https://openalex.org/W2168573280","https://openalex.org/W2524475284","https://openalex.org/W2912296587","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W3098971702","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292808503","https://openalex.org/W6606037444"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388180914","https://openalex.org/W2507888814","https://openalex.org/W3118925046","https://openalex.org/W2381764175","https://openalex.org/W2561540377","https://openalex.org/W4234795076","https://openalex.org/W2061303061","https://openalex.org/W2046652934","https://openalex.org/W2018121205","https://openalex.org/W2117400595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1],"techniques":[2],"are":[3],"increasingly":[4],"used":[5,171],"in":[6,163],"intelligent":[7,40,131],"assistants":[8,41],",":[9],"that":[10,124],"is,":[11],"software":[12],"targeted":[13],"at":[14],"and":[15,25,35,90,103,110,136,166,184],"continuously":[16],"adapting":[17],"to":[18,74,86,93,98,121,142,174,180],"assist":[19],"end":[20],"users":[21,73,92],"with":[22],"email,":[23],"shopping,":[24],"other":[26],"tasks.":[27],"Examples":[28],"include":[29],"desktop":[30],"SPAM":[31],"filters,":[32],"recommender":[33],"systems,":[34],"handwriting":[36],"recognition.":[37],"Fixing":[38],"such":[39],"when":[42,128],"they":[43],"learn":[44],"incorrect":[45],"behavior,":[46],"however,":[47],"has":[48],"received":[49],"only":[50],"limited":[51],"attention.":[52],"To":[53,106,146],"directly":[54],"support":[55],"end-user":[56],"\u201cdebugging\u201d":[57],"of":[58,112,151],"assistant":[59,80,132],"behaviors":[60],"learned":[61],"via":[62],"statistical":[63],"machine":[64],"learning,":[65],"we":[66,115,154],"present":[67],"a":[68,161],"Why-oriented":[69,178],"approach":[70],"which":[71],"allows":[72,91],"ask":[75],"questions":[76],"about":[77],"how":[78,157],"the":[79,100,108,137,149],"made":[81],"its":[82],"predictions,":[83],"provides":[84],"answers":[85,97],"these":[87,96,144,172],"\u201cwhy\u201d":[88],"questions,":[89],"interactively":[94],"change":[95],"debug":[99],"assistant's":[101],"current":[102],"future":[104],"predictions.":[105],"understand":[107],"strengths":[109],"weaknesses":[111],"this":[113],"approach,":[114,135,153],"then":[116,170],"conducted":[117],"an":[118,130],"exploratory":[119],"study":[120],"investigate":[122],"barriers":[123,165,183],"participants":[125,140],"could":[126],"encounter":[127],"debugging":[129],"using":[133],"our":[134,152],"information":[138,167,185],"those":[139],"requested":[141],"overcome":[143],"barriers.":[145],"help":[147],"ensure":[148],"inclusiveness":[150],"also":[155],"explored":[156],"gender":[158],"differences":[159],"played":[160],"role":[162],"understanding":[164],"needs.":[168,186],"We":[169],"results":[173],"consider":[175],"opportunities":[176],"for":[177],"approaches":[179],"address":[181],"user":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}