{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161970779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2024724.2024842","title":"Litmus tests for comparing memory consistency models","display_name":"Litmus tests for comparing memory consistency models","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161970779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2024724.2024842","mag":"2161970779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2024724.2024842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2024724.2024842","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 48th Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051865597","display_name":"Sela Mador-Haim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sela Mador-Haim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065059795","display_name":"Rajeev Alur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-7083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajeev Alur","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109959739","display_name":"Milo M. K. Martin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milo M. K. Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051865597"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2576,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60511782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"504","last_page":"509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/litmus","display_name":"Litmus","score":0.966499924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.7362136244773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency-model","display_name":"Consistency model","score":0.6611440777778625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6334230899810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-consistency","display_name":"Sequential consistency","score":0.6066855192184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-model","display_name":"Memory model","score":0.5684824585914612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5599596500396729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.5139265060424805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.505915105342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weak-consistency","display_name":"Weak consistency","score":0.461044043302536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3408547043800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.29473212361335754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-memory","display_name":"Shared memory","score":0.23870006203651428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-consistency","display_name":"Data consistency","score":0.23551645874977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19274163246154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strong-consistency","display_name":"Strong consistency","score":0.17006456851959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15459388494491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.14563417434692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1454029679298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.13489681482315063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157329479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185082","display_name":"Litmus","level":2,"score":0.966499924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.7362136244773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37279795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492305","display_name":"Consistency model","level":3,"score":0.6611440777778625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6334230899810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82029504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4373882","display_name":"Sequential consistency","level":4,"score":0.6066855192184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12186640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815743","display_name":"Memory model","level":3,"score":0.5684824585914612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5599596500396729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.5139265060424805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.505915105342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122377713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4422799","display_name":"Weak consistency","level":4,"score":0.461044043302536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3408547043800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.29473212361335754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133875982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764810","display_name":"Shared memory","level":2,"score":0.23870006203651428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93361087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4426698","display_name":"Data consistency","level":2,"score":0.23551645874977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19274163246154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31388003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7624548","display_name":"Strong consistency","level":3,"score":0.17006456851959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15459388494491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.14563417434692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1454029679298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.13489681482315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2024724.2024842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2024724.2024842","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 48th Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G627709587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-0905464CCF-0644197","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/01mng8331"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1808398105","https://openalex.org/W1822674892","https://openalex.org/W2025301734","https://openalex.org/W2029601347","https://openalex.org/W2030159266","https://openalex.org/W2054739713","https://openalex.org/W2105980774","https://openalex.org/W2110879934","https://openalex.org/W2111858071","https://openalex.org/W2116454140","https://openalex.org/W2137296754","https://openalex.org/W2149911648","https://openalex.org/W2152390090","https://openalex.org/W2493869930","https://openalex.org/W2560525892","https://openalex.org/W3137220996","https://openalex.org/W4206635466","https://openalex.org/W4213347330","https://openalex.org/W4240322740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W118795575","https://openalex.org/W2036306661","https://openalex.org/W2145655468","https://openalex.org/W2764757682","https://openalex.org/W1593939529","https://openalex.org/W1848398668","https://openalex.org/W2115953580","https://openalex.org/W1885534640","https://openalex.org/W1738788207","https://openalex.org/W2371040414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Memory":[0],"consistency":[1,17,64,103],"litmus":[2,51,86,114],"tests":[3,52,87],"are":[4,9,57],"small":[5],"parallel":[6],"programs":[7],"that":[8,31,38],"designed":[10],"to":[11,44,133],"illustrate":[12],"subtle":[13],"differences":[14,61],"between":[15,62],"memory":[16,36,49,63,81,102,122],"models":[18,37,65,104,123],"by":[19,108],"exhibiting":[20],"different":[21,24],"outcomes":[22],"for":[23,32,59,84,120],"models.":[25,92,143],"In":[26],"this":[27,67,89,106,126,140],"paper,":[28],"we":[29,94,129],"show":[30],"a":[33,54,71,110,118],"class":[34,90,107,141],"of":[35,53,73,91,98,101,113,139,142],"is":[39],"restricted":[40],"yet":[41],"expressive":[42],"enough":[43],"include":[45],"all":[46],"store-atomic":[47],"hardware":[48],"models,":[50],"bounded":[55,111],"size":[56],"sufficient":[58],"illustrating":[60],"in":[66,88,105],"class.":[68],"We":[69,116],"establish":[70],"bound":[72],"two":[74,99],"threads":[75],"and":[76,128,135],"no":[77],"more":[78],"than":[79],"six":[80],"access":[82],"instructions":[83],"differentiating":[85],"Thus,":[93],"can":[95],"prove":[96],"equivalence":[97],"specification":[100],"exploring":[109],"number":[112],"tests.":[115],"build":[117],"tool":[119,132],"comparing":[121],"based":[124],"on":[125],"result,":[127],"use":[130],"the":[131,137],"explore":[134],"map":[136],"space":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}