{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2167416732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2024724.2024829","title":"Post sign-off leakage power optimization","display_name":"Post sign-off leakage power optimization","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2167416732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2024724.2024829","mag":"2167416732"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2024724.2024829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2024724.2024829","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 48th Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062292199","display_name":"Hamed Abrishami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Abrishami","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084166458","display_name":"Jinan Lou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinan Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067883885","display_name":"Jeff Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088951","display_name":"Synopsys (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013by2m91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Synopsys Inc., Mountain View, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synopsys Inc., Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019827848","display_name":"Juergen Froessl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088951","display_name":"Synopsys (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013by2m91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juergen Froessl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Synopsys Inc., Mountain View, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synopsys Inc., Mountain View, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044650311","display_name":"Massoud Pedram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2677-7307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massoud Pedram","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062292199"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8105,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77875147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"453","last_page":"458"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.6830503940582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subthreshold-conduction","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","score":0.6020364761352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.5872079730033875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5845761895179749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5711731314659119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-optimization","display_name":"Power optimization","score":0.5511797666549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.4413541555404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.43804723024368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-demand","display_name":"Dynamic demand","score":0.42104727029800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.41204649209976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.377591997385025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.36780810356140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.3559742569923401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.3312925696372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.30860215425491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23672640323638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20177188515663147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6830503940582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156465305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658601","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","level":4,"score":0.6020364761352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.5872079730033875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5845761895179749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5711731314659119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168292644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860336","display_name":"Power optimization","level":4,"score":0.5511797666549683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4413541555404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.43804723024368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45872418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318966","display_name":"Dynamic demand","level":3,"score":0.42104727029800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.41204649209976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.377591997385025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36780810356140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.3559742569923401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.3312925696372986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.30860215425491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23672640323638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20177188515663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2024724.2024829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2024724.2024829","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 48th Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.408.140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.408.140","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://atrak.usc.edu/~massoud/Papers/Post-signoff-leakmin-dac11.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W625572483","https://openalex.org/W640673894","https://openalex.org/W1986056825","https://openalex.org/W1989716769","https://openalex.org/W2041941568","https://openalex.org/W2114871550","https://openalex.org/W2125157415","https://openalex.org/W2132841669","https://openalex.org/W2135304146","https://openalex.org/W2147031027","https://openalex.org/W2158728973","https://openalex.org/W2160844403","https://openalex.org/W2170925473","https://openalex.org/W6681889045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008937153","https://openalex.org/W2551878898","https://openalex.org/W2207750882","https://openalex.org/W2475719699","https://openalex.org/W2018577544","https://openalex.org/W2281725944","https://openalex.org/W2943862111","https://openalex.org/W1921751656","https://openalex.org/W2121772322","https://openalex.org/W2356898440"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,32,78,92,147,150,168,189],"scaling":[2],"down":[3],"of":[4,149],"CMOS":[6],"technologies,":[7],"leakage":[8,25,38,68,101,120,169],"power":[9,26,39,69,72,102,121,170,180],"is":[10,20,55,81,89],"becoming":[11],"an":[12],"increasingly":[13],"important":[14],"issue":[15],"in":[16,31,176],"IC":[17],"design.":[18],"There":[19],"a":[21,125,141],"trade-off":[22],"between":[23],"subthreshold":[24],"consumption":[27,40,171],"and":[28,44,52,84,108,129],"clock":[29],"frequency":[30],"circuit;":[33],"i.e.,":[34],"for":[35,67,100],"higher":[36],"performance,":[37],"must":[41],"be":[42,65,75,98,154],"sacrificed":[43],"vice":[45],"versa.":[46],"Meanwhile,":[47],"timing":[48],"analysis":[49],"during":[50],"synthesis":[51],"physical":[53],"design":[54],"pessimistic,":[56],"which":[57,80],"means":[58],"there":[59],"are":[60,186],"some":[61],"slacks":[62],"available":[63,95],"to":[64,145,153],"traded":[66,99],"minimization.":[70],"This":[71],"minimization":[73,103],"can":[74,97,166],"done":[76,90,187],"after":[77,182],"sign-off":[79,119],"more":[82],"accurate":[83],"realistic":[85],"than":[86],"if":[87],"it":[88,131],"before":[91],"sign-off.":[93,183],"The":[94],"slack":[96],"by":[104,132,156,161,172],"footprint-based":[105],"cell":[106],"swapping":[107],"threshold":[109],"voltage":[110],"assignment.":[111],"In":[112],"this":[113,163],"paper,":[114],"we":[115,165],"introduce":[116],"our":[117],"post":[118],"optimization":[122,151,164,181],"problem":[123,152],"as":[124],"nonlinear":[126],"mathematical":[127],"program":[128],"solve":[130],"using":[133],"conjugate":[134],"gradient":[135],"(CG)":[136],"method.":[137],"We":[138,158],"set":[139],"up":[140],"novel":[142],"transformation":[143],"technique":[144],"manipulate":[146],"constraints":[148],"solved":[155],"CG.":[157],"show":[159],"that":[160],"doing":[162],"reduce":[167],"34%":[173],"on":[174,188],"average":[175],"comparison":[177],"with":[178],"no":[179],"All":[184],"experiments":[185],"real":[190],"industrial":[191],"designs.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
