{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999842308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2018602.2018616","title":"Measuring and predicting web login safety","display_name":"Measuring and predicting web login safety","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999842308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2018602.2018616","mag":"1999842308"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2018602.2018616","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2018602.2018616","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2018602.2018616","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the first ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Measurements up the stack","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2018602.2018616","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060550229","display_name":"Xiao Sophia Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Sophia Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073676654","display_name":"David Choffnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-7226"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Choffnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University fo Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University fo Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018021084","display_name":"Patrick Gage Kelley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4405-0010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Gage Kelley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027496075","display_name":"Ben Greenstein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Greenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Seattle, WA, USA","Google, Seattle, WA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Seattle, WA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046685246","display_name":"David Wetherall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3069-9081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Wetherall","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060550229"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1953127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"55","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/login","display_name":"Login","score":0.8809720277786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.7849118113517761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6736084222793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6672258377075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5897283554077148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.526265025138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personally-identifiable-information","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","score":0.44539666175842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.4211556315422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3149881362915039}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113324615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472302","display_name":"Login","level":2,"score":0.8809720277786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.7849118113517761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6736084222793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6672258377075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5897283554077148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.526265025138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.44539666175842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.4211556315422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3149881362915039}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2018602.2018616","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2018602.2018616","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2018602.2018616","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the first ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Measurements up the stack","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.353.6642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.353.6642","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/2011/papers/w-must/p55.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2018602.2018616","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2018602.2018616","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2018602.2018616","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the first ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Measurements up the stack","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1999842308.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1999842308.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522768299","https://openalex.org/W1586988631","https://openalex.org/W1788967622","https://openalex.org/W1967296158","https://openalex.org/W1993095244","https://openalex.org/W1998180710","https://openalex.org/W2047301847","https://openalex.org/W2101577935","https://openalex.org/W2150115633","https://openalex.org/W6635090551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772112465","https://openalex.org/W4386360526","https://openalex.org/W4387918499","https://openalex.org/W2368710903","https://openalex.org/W2158905603","https://openalex.org/W2766105476","https://openalex.org/W2735171729","https://openalex.org/W2786267942","https://openalex.org/W2769254131","https://openalex.org/W2091556092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Users":[0],"increasingly":[1],"entrust":[2],"websites":[3,27],"with":[4],"their":[5],"personal":[6],"and":[7,28,58],"sensitive":[8],"information.":[9],"Sites":[10],"commonly":[11],"protect":[12],"this":[13,54],"information":[14,62],"using":[15],"user-supplied":[16],"credentials":[17,35],"(i.e.,":[18],"logins).":[19],"We":[20],"conducted":[21],"a":[22],"measurement":[23],"study":[24],"of":[25,53],"top":[26],"surprisingly":[29],"found":[30],"that":[31],"they":[32],"transmit":[33],"these":[34],"in":[36],"the":[37],"clear,":[38],"thus":[39],"leaving":[40],"them":[41],"vulnerable":[42],"to":[43],"eavesdropping.":[44],"To":[45],"make":[46],"matters":[47],"worse,":[48],"users":[49],"are":[50,66],"often":[51],"unaware":[52],"threat":[55],"because":[56],"sites":[57],"browsers":[59],"reflect":[60],"little":[61],"about":[63],"how":[64],"logins":[65],"handled.":[67]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}