{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981952333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2018323.2018327","title":"The alchemy screen-space ambient obscurance algorithm","display_name":"The alchemy screen-space ambient obscurance algorithm","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981952333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2018323.2018327","mag":"1981952333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2018323.2018327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2018323.2018327","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on High Performance Graphics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101915673","display_name":"Morgan McGuire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1759-6299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22675022","display_name":"Williams College","ror":"https://ror.org/04avkmd49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22675022"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Morgan McGuire","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA &amp; Williams College","NVIDIA & Williams College#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA &amp; Williams College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22675022"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA & Williams College#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22675022"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034983831","display_name":"Brian M. Osman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3125-7808"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Osman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vicarious Visions"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vicarious Visions","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035132508","display_name":"Michael Bukowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Bukowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vicarious Visions"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vicarious Visions","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040603957","display_name":"Padraic Hennessy","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Padraic Hennessy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vicarious Visions"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vicarious Visions","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101915673"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22675022"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4107,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95902778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"25","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alchemy","display_name":"Alchemy","score":0.6633099317550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6567423343658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambient-space","display_name":"Ambient space","score":0.5731171369552612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4973287880420685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4753018319606781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vision","display_name":"Vision","score":0.4682755470275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4607025682926178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.44615888595581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.4304681122303009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.38675394654273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37294602394104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3518308997154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31783556938171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2687830328941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.26192232966423035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.20946857333183289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art-history","display_name":"Art history","score":0.09611260890960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.07850629091262817}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174468945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39689","display_name":"Alchemy","level":2,"score":0.6633099317550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6567423343658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12773090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3888851","display_name":"Ambient space","level":2,"score":0.5731171369552612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4973287880420685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4753018319606781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133979268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1682108","display_name":"Vision","level":2,"score":0.4682755470275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4607025682926178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.44615888595581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.4304681122303009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.38675394654273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37294602394104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3518308997154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31783556938171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2687830328941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.26192232966423035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.20946857333183289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.09611260890960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07850629091262817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2018323.2018327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2018323.2018327","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on High Performance Graphics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16879164","https://openalex.org/W65018654","https://openalex.org/W1502588543","https://openalex.org/W1963616378","https://openalex.org/W1974644415","https://openalex.org/W1982009746","https://openalex.org/W1983453594","https://openalex.org/W1987212881","https://openalex.org/W1994400377","https://openalex.org/W2014475711","https://openalex.org/W2046129410","https://openalex.org/W2060289224","https://openalex.org/W2063995335","https://openalex.org/W2069476376","https://openalex.org/W2069957264","https://openalex.org/W2082428334","https://openalex.org/W2104587129","https://openalex.org/W2129055063","https://openalex.org/W2134611578","https://openalex.org/W2143180797","https://openalex.org/W2146903434","https://openalex.org/W2170901459","https://openalex.org/W2296032317","https://openalex.org/W2296297061","https://openalex.org/W2562349060","https://openalex.org/W2941610626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327690717","https://openalex.org/W1570968926","https://openalex.org/W2033179625","https://openalex.org/W2047294527","https://openalex.org/W2026546269","https://openalex.org/W2367275899","https://openalex.org/W599555033","https://openalex.org/W1548557026","https://openalex.org/W4253737202","https://openalex.org/W3190708967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ambient":[0],"obscurance":[1,45,75],"(AO)":[2],"produces":[3],"perceptually":[4],"important":[5],"illumination":[6],"effects":[7],"such":[8],"as":[9],"darkened":[10],"corners,":[11],"cracks,":[12],"and":[13,17,48,81,89,91,94],"wrinkles;":[14],"proximity":[15],"darkening;":[16],"contact":[18,68],"shadows.":[19],"We":[20],"present":[21],"the":[22,26,49],"AO":[23],"algorithm":[24],"from":[25,76],"Alchemy":[27,66],"engine":[28],"used":[29],"at":[30],"Vicarious":[31],"Visions":[32],"in":[33,58],"commercial":[34],"games.":[35],"It":[36],"is":[37],"based":[38],"on":[39],"a":[40,52,59],"new":[41],"derivation":[42],"of":[43,78],"screen-space":[44],"for":[46],"robustness,":[47],"insight":[50],"that":[51,70],"falloff":[53],"function":[54],"can":[55],"cancel":[56],"terms":[57],"visibility":[60],"integral":[61],"to":[62,72],"favor":[63],"efficient":[64],"operations.":[65],"creates":[67],"shadows":[69],"conform":[71],"surfaces,":[73],"captures":[74],"geometry":[77],"varying":[79],"scale,":[80],"provides":[82],"four":[83],"intuitive":[84],"appearance":[85],"parameters:":[86],"world-space":[87],"radius":[88],"bias,":[90],"aesthetic":[92],"intensity":[93],"contrast.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
