{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4233920952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2010324.1964971","title":"Interactive region-based linear 3D face models","display_name":"Interactive region-based linear 3D face models","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4233920952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2010324.1964971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2010324.1964971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2010324.1964971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108374456","display_name":"J. Rafael Tena","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142140","display_name":"Walt Disney (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04eg47h42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Rafael Tena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Disney Research Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108127869","display_name":"Fernando De la Torre","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando De la Torre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069055807","display_name":"Iain Matthews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5004-2397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142140","display_name":"Walt Disney (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04eg47h42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iain Matthews","raw_affiliation_strings":["Disney Research Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108374456"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9233,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94955765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8182423114776611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.6069018840789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5633936524391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-facial-animation","display_name":"Computer facial animation","score":0.5453594923019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5388884544372559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-capture","display_name":"Motion capture","score":0.4842647910118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.45684728026390076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.45226967334747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-motion-capture","display_name":"Facial motion capture","score":0.43852758407592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.4384409487247467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4243980050086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4157271981239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4137135446071625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40401801466941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-animation","display_name":"Computer animation","score":0.3367313742637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32888126373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3252350687980652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.2742612063884735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.260112464427948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.21196749806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14667269587516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.13385099172592163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8182423114776611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.6069018840789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5633936524391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138591656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157538","display_name":"Computer facial animation","level":4,"score":0.5453594923019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5388884544372559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48007421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676252","display_name":"Motion capture","level":3,"score":0.4842647910118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.45684728026390076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.45226967334747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98907195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428562","display_name":"Facial motion capture","level":5,"score":0.43852758407592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4384409487247467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4243980050086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4157271981239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4137135446071625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40401801466941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69369342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401416","display_name":"Computer animation","level":3,"score":0.3367313742637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32888126373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3252350687980652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2742612063884735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.260112464427948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.21196749806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14667269587516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.13385099172592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2010324.1964971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2010324.1964971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69770339","https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1981950775","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2012210378","https://openalex.org/W2016378165","https://openalex.org/W2058554804","https://openalex.org/W2066350599","https://openalex.org/W2082308025","https://openalex.org/W2093510936","https://openalex.org/W2106715340","https://openalex.org/W2111459438","https://openalex.org/W2124917223","https://openalex.org/W2135666716","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2156041358","https://openalex.org/W2156531583","https://openalex.org/W2158778494","https://openalex.org/W2164445273","https://openalex.org/W2165874743","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W2761691347","https://openalex.org/W3006223838","https://openalex.org/W3027630290","https://openalex.org/W3137109284","https://openalex.org/W3137372660","https://openalex.org/W4205999401","https://openalex.org/W4233118564","https://openalex.org/W4255286169"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4211065946","https://openalex.org/W3169129874","https://openalex.org/W2748502319","https://openalex.org/W3040900128","https://openalex.org/W2144023833","https://openalex.org/W1544039745","https://openalex.org/W4210514273","https://openalex.org/W2098911659","https://openalex.org/W2188148675","https://openalex.org/W2049597164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Linear":[0],"models,":[1],"particularly":[2],"those":[3],"based":[4],"on":[5,14],"principal":[6],"component":[7],"analysis":[8],"(PCA),":[9],"have":[10,29],"been":[11,31],"used":[12,33],"successfully":[13],"a":[15,37,44,64,92,112],"broad":[16],"range":[17],"of":[18,91,94,152],"human":[19],"face-related":[20],"applications.":[21],"Although":[22],"PCA":[23,95],"models":[24],"achieve":[25],"high":[26],"compression,":[27],"they":[28],"not":[30,50],"widely":[32],"for":[34,54,85,178],"animation":[35,182],"in":[36,111,183],"production":[38],"environment":[39],"because":[40],"their":[41],"bases":[42],"lack":[43],"semantic":[45],"interpretation.":[46],"Their":[47],"parameters":[48],"are":[49,98,109],"an":[51,184],"intuitive":[52,185],"set":[53],"animators":[55],"to":[56,71,118,121,174],"work":[57],"with.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"paper":[61],"we":[62,159],"present":[63],"linear":[65],"face":[66,154,179],"modelling":[67],"approach":[68,79],"that":[69,97,130],"generalises":[70,134],"unseen":[72,143],"data":[73,146],"better":[74,135],"than":[75,136],"the":[76,122,131,153,166,176],"traditional":[77],"holistic":[78,138],"while":[80,124],"also":[81],"allowing":[82],"click-and-drag":[83],"interaction":[84],"animation.":[86],"Our":[87,127],"model":[88,123,133,177],"is":[89],"composed":[90],"collection":[93],"sub-models":[96],"independently":[99],"trained":[100],"but":[101],"share":[102],"boundaries.":[103],"Boundary":[104],"consistency":[105],"and":[106,181],"user-given":[107],"constraints":[108],"enforced":[110],"soft":[113],"least":[114],"mean":[115],"squares":[116],"sense":[117],"give":[119],"flexibility":[120],"maintaining":[125],"coherence.":[126],"results":[128],"show":[129],"region-based":[132],"its":[137],"counterpart":[139],"when":[140],"describing":[141],"previously":[142],"motion":[144],"capture":[145],"from":[147,162],"multiple":[148],"subjects.":[149],"The":[150],"decomposition":[151],"into":[155],"several":[156],"regions,":[157],"which":[158],"determine":[160],"automatically":[161],"training":[163],"data,":[164],"gives":[165],"user":[167],"localised":[168],"manipulation":[169],"control.":[170],"This":[171],"feature":[172],"allows":[173],"use":[175],"posing":[180],"style.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
