{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065950160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2003685.2003686","title":"Kolmogorov Complexity in Randomness Extraction","display_name":"Kolmogorov Complexity in Randomness Extraction","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065950160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2003685.2003686","mag":"2065950160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2003685.2003686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2003685.2003686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205019203","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computation Theory","issn_l":"1942-3454","issn":["1942-3454","1942-3462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computation Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077270481","display_name":"John M. Hitchcock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-7307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116506","display_name":"Wyoming Department of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02abxwv41","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12834331","display_name":"University of Wyoming","ror":"https://ror.org/01485tq96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John M. Hitchcock","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wyoming","university of Wyoming"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wyoming","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116506","https://openalex.org/I12834331"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"university of Wyoming","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112023986","display_name":"A. Pavan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1665-5266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Pavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031088478","display_name":"N. V. Vinodchandran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7959-4662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. V. Vinodchandran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nebraska-Lincoln","#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# University of Nebraska-Lincoln#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# University of Nebraska-Lincoln#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077270481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12834331","https://openalex.org/I4210116506"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6277,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69363675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13720","display_name":"Benford\u2019s Law and Fraud Detection","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.9380409717559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kolmogorov-complexity","display_name":"Kolmogorov complexity","score":0.8643336296081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness-tests","display_name":"Randomness tests","score":0.7869325280189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extractor","display_name":"Extractor","score":0.6656128764152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5985509753227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kolmogorov-structure-function","display_name":"Kolmogorov structure function","score":0.5622861385345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.5564224123954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computable-function","display_name":"Computable function","score":0.5060660243034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soxhlet-extractor","display_name":"Soxhlet extractor","score":0.439005970954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3804430663585663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.3673168420791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.33961862325668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3207041621208191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1763468086719513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.9380409717559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456811","display_name":"Kolmogorov complexity","level":2,"score":0.8643336296081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18017163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13560113","display_name":"Randomness tests","level":3,"score":0.7869325280189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117978034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422192","display_name":"Extractor","level":2,"score":0.6656128764152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5985509753227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15995199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5805968","display_name":"Kolmogorov structure function","level":3,"score":0.5622861385345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.5564224123954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54271186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148456","display_name":"Computable function","level":2,"score":0.5060660243034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780847017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826533","display_name":"Soxhlet extractor","level":3,"score":0.439005970954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3804430663585663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.3673168420791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.33961862325668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3207041621208191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1763468086719513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2003685.2003686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2003685.2003686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205019203","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Computation Theory","issn_l":"1942-3454","issn":["1942-3454","1942-3462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Computation Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5982127476","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5.15E+26","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493375401","https://openalex.org/W1518761863","https://openalex.org/W1559443367","https://openalex.org/W1581602411","https://openalex.org/W1638203394","https://openalex.org/W1980688410","https://openalex.org/W1982500696","https://openalex.org/W1986686371","https://openalex.org/W2081026687","https://openalex.org/W2090418561","https://openalex.org/W2094688861","https://openalex.org/W2096171805","https://openalex.org/W2136421483","https://openalex.org/W2151303208","https://openalex.org/W2158226503","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W4230960895","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2955446419","https://openalex.org/W4386976839","https://openalex.org/W4298880292","https://openalex.org/W1871326006","https://openalex.org/W2394774086","https://openalex.org/W205898265","https://openalex.org/W2127798320","https://openalex.org/W2065950160","https://openalex.org/W2030492659","https://openalex.org/W2243799055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,13,53],"clarify":[1],"the":[2,8,46,69],"role":[3],"of":[4,10,42],"Kolmogorov":[5,31,48,60],"complexity":[6,32,61],"in":[7,45,68],"area":[9],"randomness":[11,22,51,66,78,86],"extraction.":[12,52],"show":[14],"that":[15,62,71],"a":[16,30,36,55,72],"computable":[17,73],"function":[18,74],"is":[19,29,63,75],"an":[20,76],"almost":[21,77],"extractor":[23,79],"if":[24,27,80,83],"and":[25,50,81],"only":[26,82],"it":[28,84],"extractor,":[33],"thus":[34],"establishing":[35],"fundamental":[37],"equivalence":[38],"between":[39],"two":[40],"forms":[41],"extraction":[43,49,67],"studied":[44],"literature:":[47],"present":[54],"distribution":[56],"Mk":[57,88],"based":[58],"on":[59],"complete":[64],"for":[65],"sense":[70],"extracts":[85],"from":[87],".":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}