{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102833942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2001420.2001433","title":"Recovering the toolchain provenance of binary code","display_name":"Recovering the toolchain provenance of binary code","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102833942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2001420.2001433","mag":"2102833942"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2001420.2001433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2001420.2001433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2011 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069452634","display_name":"Nathan Rosenblum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Rosenblum","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI","University of Wisconsin - Madison WI#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin - Madison WI#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010187794","display_name":"Barton P. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9435-8315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barton P. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI","University of Wisconsin - Madison WI#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin - Madison WI#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103428074","display_name":"Xiaojin Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI","University of Wisconsin - Madison WI#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin - Madison WI#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069452634"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2478,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79979179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"100","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolchain","display_name":"Toolchain","score":0.8880683779716492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7800004482269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.7317692041397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6504809260368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6225796937942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.615198016166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-engineering","display_name":"Reverse engineering","score":0.6110759973526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5184942483901978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.48313066363334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.4706420600414276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-code","display_name":"Binary code","score":0.46221914887428284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.45248112082481384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byte","display_name":"Byte","score":0.4262252748012543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3091200590133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.17124706506729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12088769674301147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.10761106014251709}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777062904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545406","display_name":"Toolchain","level":3,"score":0.8880683779716492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7800004482269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.7317692041397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6504809260368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6225796937942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.615198016166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207850805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269608","display_name":"Reverse engineering","level":2,"score":0.6110759973526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5184942483901978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.48313066363334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.4706420600414276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63435697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864135","display_name":"Binary code","level":3,"score":0.46221914887428284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45248112082481384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.4262252748012543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3091200590133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.17124706506729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12088769674301147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.10761106014251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2001420.2001433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2001420.2001433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2011 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.225.7134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.225.7134","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/%7Ejerryzhu/pub/rosenblum-issta.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2687431618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-10-2-0030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306110","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4242103943","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC0004061DE-SC0002154","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4552169231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-0716460OCI-1032341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7832406776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-0716460OCI-1032341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337377","funder_display_name":"Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306110","display_name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security","ror":"https://ror.org/00jyr0d86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337377","display_name":"Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure","ror":"https://ror.org/04nh1dc89"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1558357780","https://openalex.org/W1573286687","https://openalex.org/W1580559113","https://openalex.org/W1581009051","https://openalex.org/W1910686388","https://openalex.org/W2010452235","https://openalex.org/W2022638422","https://openalex.org/W2034043169","https://openalex.org/W2041839827","https://openalex.org/W2111338655","https://openalex.org/W2118585731","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2121749752","https://openalex.org/W2122403474","https://openalex.org/W2131523719","https://openalex.org/W2134312016","https://openalex.org/W2135997060","https://openalex.org/W2136593687","https://openalex.org/W2139193890","https://openalex.org/W2140864834","https://openalex.org/W2144270983","https://openalex.org/W2145056020","https://openalex.org/W2148762636","https://openalex.org/W2151505086","https://openalex.org/W2161563510","https://openalex.org/W2171594219","https://openalex.org/W2613433911","https://openalex.org/W4247037964","https://openalex.org/W6639864006","https://openalex.org/W6652715032","https://openalex.org/W6677656871","https://openalex.org/W6683356291","https://openalex.org/W7034117256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013037783","https://openalex.org/W2909413202","https://openalex.org/W1999008563","https://openalex.org/W2256611834","https://openalex.org/W2112192942","https://openalex.org/W2132081528","https://openalex.org/W3184389706","https://openalex.org/W1638297612","https://openalex.org/W2055981842","https://openalex.org/W2912361785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Program":[0],"binaries":[1,63],"are":[2,25,64],"an":[3],"artifact":[4],"of":[5,19,34,43,49,104],"a":[6,17,38],"production":[7],"process":[8,36,82],"that":[9,83,105],"begins":[10],"with":[11,16,68],"source":[12],"code":[13,75],"and":[14,61,98],"ends":[15],"string":[18],"bytes":[20],"representing":[21],"executable":[22],"code.":[23],"There":[24],"many":[26],"reasons":[27],"to":[28,30,45,80,94,101],"want":[29],"know":[31],"the":[32,47,50,73,81],"specifics":[33],"this":[35],"for":[37,58],"given":[39],"binary---for":[40],"forensic":[41],"investigation":[42],"malware,":[44],"diagnose":[46],"role":[48],"compiler":[51],"in":[52],"crashes":[53],"or":[54,57],"performance":[55],"problems,":[56],"reverse":[59],"engineering":[60],"decompilation---but":[62],"not":[65,89],"generally":[66],"annotated":[67],"such":[69,96],"provenance":[70],"details.":[71],"Intuitively,":[72],"binary":[74],"should":[76],"exhibit":[77],"properties":[78,97],"specific":[79,102],"produced":[84],"it,":[85],"but":[86],"it":[87],"is":[88],"at":[90],"all":[91],"clear":[92],"how":[93],"find":[95],"map":[99],"them":[100],"elements":[103],"process.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}