{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975965566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2000064.2000116","title":"The role of optics in future high radix switch design","display_name":"The role of optics in future high radix switch design","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975965566","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2000064.2000116","mag":"1975965566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2000064.2000116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2000064.2000116","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th annual international symposium on Computer architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091073355","display_name":"Nathan Binkert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Binkert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109148949","display_name":"Al Davis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Al Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050207942","display_name":"Norman P. Jouppi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1765-1929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norman P. Jouppi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064976747","display_name":"Moray McLaren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moray McLaren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034067036","display_name":"Naveen Muralimanohar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveen Muralimanohar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030605442","display_name":"Robert Schreiber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-5820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Schreiber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078262826","display_name":"Jung Ho Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-1394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung Ho Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091073355"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98150593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"437","last_page":"448"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6606497764587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.6066484451293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5907937288284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-switch","display_name":"Optical switch","score":0.5862855315208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4547249376773834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover-switch","display_name":"Crossover switch","score":0.45055532455444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radix","display_name":"Radix (gastropod)","score":0.4229412376880646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3243800401687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2713778614997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20741581916809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.19266274571418762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1766732633113861}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6606497764587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.6066484451293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5907937288284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101336846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105111","display_name":"Optical switch","level":2,"score":0.5862855315208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4547249376773834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12334850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1535092","display_name":"Crossover switch","level":3,"score":0.45055532455444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779091547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287565","display_name":"Radix (gastropod)","level":2,"score":0.4229412376880646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3243800401687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2713778614997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20741581916809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.19266274571418762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1766732633113861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2000064.2000116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2000064.2000116","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th annual international symposium on Computer architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.297.5710","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.297.5710","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.hpl.hp.com/people/naveen_muralimanohar/isca11b - hrs.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973666805","https://openalex.org/W1995082704","https://openalex.org/W2025177582","https://openalex.org/W2044206819","https://openalex.org/W2071845800","https://openalex.org/W2077556206","https://openalex.org/W2091576509","https://openalex.org/W2096696871","https://openalex.org/W2096811399","https://openalex.org/W2096934953","https://openalex.org/W2099538316","https://openalex.org/W2101471701","https://openalex.org/W2104989962","https://openalex.org/W2108981656","https://openalex.org/W2113583159","https://openalex.org/W2113839022","https://openalex.org/W2121523570","https://openalex.org/W2125553824","https://openalex.org/W2132010190","https://openalex.org/W2144695785","https://openalex.org/W2151701516","https://openalex.org/W2153969404","https://openalex.org/W2155187164","https://openalex.org/W2160428323","https://openalex.org/W2166950711","https://openalex.org/W3102270423","https://openalex.org/W3139707965","https://openalex.org/W3147460469","https://openalex.org/W4231436395","https://openalex.org/W4254234725","https://openalex.org/W4299871555","https://openalex.org/W6674713332","https://openalex.org/W6676704221"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2336005674","https://openalex.org/W2088068353","https://openalex.org/W2022979333","https://openalex.org/W2104236825","https://openalex.org/W2023214213","https://openalex.org/W2047241700","https://openalex.org/W1972502879","https://openalex.org/W2470712432","https://openalex.org/W4393144466","https://openalex.org/W4321520095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"large-scale":[1],"networks,":[2],"high-radix":[3],"switches":[4,36,78],"reduce":[5],"hop":[6],"and":[7,13,21,75,83,89],"switch":[8,112,123],"count,":[9],"which":[10],"decreases":[11],"latency":[12],"power.":[14],"The":[15],"ITRS":[16],"projections":[17],"for":[18],"signal-pin":[19],"count":[20],"per-pin":[22],"bandwidth":[23,100],"are":[24],"nearly":[25],"flat":[26,133],"over":[27],"the":[28,40,59,73,86,97,104,111],"next":[29],"decade,":[30],"so":[31],"increased":[32],"radix":[33,80,117],"in":[34,85],"electronic":[35],"will":[37],"come":[38],"at":[39],"cost":[41],"of":[42,61,77,79,107],"less":[43],"per-port":[44],"bandwidth.":[45],"Silicon":[46],"nanophotonic":[47],"technology":[48,92],"provides":[49],"a":[50,114,132],"long-term":[51],"solution":[52],"to":[53,130],"this":[54],"problem.":[55],"We":[56,71,119],"first":[57],"compare":[58,72],"use":[60],"photonic":[62],"I/O":[63],"against":[64],"an":[65,121],"all-electrical,":[66],"Cray":[67],"YARC":[68],"inspired":[69],"baseline.":[70],"power":[74,106],"performance":[76],"64,":[81],"100,":[82],"144":[84],"45,":[87],"32,":[88],"22":[90],"nm":[91],"steps.":[93],"In":[94],"addition":[95],"with":[96,135],"greater":[98],"off-chip":[99],"enabled":[101],"by":[102],"photonics,":[103],"high":[105],"electrical":[108],"components":[109],"inside":[110],"becomes":[113],"problem":[115],"beyond":[116],"64.":[118],"propose":[120],"optical":[122,128],"architecture":[124],"that":[125],"exploits":[126],"highspeed":[127],"interconnects":[129],"build":[131],"crossbar":[134],"multiplewriter,":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
