{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131361721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999927.1999939","title":"Computing security in the developing world","display_name":"Computing security in the developing world","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131361721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999927.1999939","mag":"2131361721"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1999927.1999939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999927.1999939","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th ACM workshop on Networked systems for developing regions","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000893888","display_name":"Yahel Ben-David","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yahel Ben-David","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004946056","display_name":"Shaddi Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5432-6952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaddi Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058437817","display_name":"Joyojeet Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-2046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joyojeet Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor., Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor., Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056242950","display_name":"Matthias Vallentin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Vallentin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076323005","display_name":"Saurabh Panjwani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saurabh Panjwani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corp., Bangalore, Karnataka, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Corp., Bangalore, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063648008","display_name":"Philipp Gutheim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Gutheim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105690544","display_name":"Jay Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Eric A. Brewer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric A. Brewer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000893888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1155,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96171976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"39","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-country","display_name":"Developing country","score":0.6642119884490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5729108452796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5538010597229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5362275242805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.49939584732055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-through-obscurity","display_name":"Security through obscurity","score":0.47496744990348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4713294804096222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4386710524559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.426201730966568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.42333322763442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-security","display_name":"Economic security","score":0.41126811504364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3612901568412781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.3557364344596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-information-and-event-management","display_name":"Security information and event management","score":0.30159926414489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.21993228793144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.18745481967926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.15952059626579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.11393174529075623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.08987638354301453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.6642119884490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5729108452796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5538010597229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5362275242805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.49939584732055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114869243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133735","display_name":"Security through obscurity","level":5,"score":0.47496744990348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4713294804096222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4386710524559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.426201730966568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42333322763442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82326809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497445","display_name":"Economic security","level":2,"score":0.41126811504364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3612901568412781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.3557364344596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.30159926414489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.21993228793144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.18745481967926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.15952059626579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11393174529075623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08987638354301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1999927.1999939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999927.1999939","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th ACM workshop on Networked systems for developing regions","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.593.7307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.593.7307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://matthias.vallentin.net/papers/nsdr11.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6401868","https://openalex.org/W50290376","https://openalex.org/W143853810","https://openalex.org/W244636267","https://openalex.org/W1504935610","https://openalex.org/W1535803599","https://openalex.org/W1565659799","https://openalex.org/W1671758863","https://openalex.org/W1984076583","https://openalex.org/W1999067777","https://openalex.org/W2012965406","https://openalex.org/W2013746326","https://openalex.org/W2021238716","https://openalex.org/W2033314980","https://openalex.org/W2040717637","https://openalex.org/W2044572924","https://openalex.org/W2065201053","https://openalex.org/W2072374814","https://openalex.org/W2091692346","https://openalex.org/W2093114034","https://openalex.org/W2094865495","https://openalex.org/W2117852461","https://openalex.org/W2136764359","https://openalex.org/W2146943142","https://openalex.org/W2151607493","https://openalex.org/W2181615949","https://openalex.org/W2252330922","https://openalex.org/W2334233537","https://openalex.org/W2466745279","https://openalex.org/W2502797702","https://openalex.org/W2596431709","https://openalex.org/W2908930479","https://openalex.org/W3122348894","https://openalex.org/W3125541929","https://openalex.org/W4236813977","https://openalex.org/W4251849037","https://openalex.org/W4254363066","https://openalex.org/W6605744681","https://openalex.org/W6703141735","https://openalex.org/W6719307342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953227786","https://openalex.org/W2092708554","https://openalex.org/W2065250680","https://openalex.org/W3044656951","https://openalex.org/W2345270111","https://openalex.org/W2336014427","https://openalex.org/W139145738","https://openalex.org/W2466843868","https://openalex.org/W2592164127","https://openalex.org/W2495229164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Technology":[0],"users":[1],"in":[2,58],"the":[3,54,80,95,98,110],"developing":[4,59],"world":[5],"face":[6],"a":[7,22],"varied":[8],"and":[9,33,61,68,85,103],"complex":[10],"set":[11],"of":[12,24,53,75,82,97],"computer":[13],"security":[14,42,56,81],"concerns.":[15],"These":[16],"challenges":[17],"are":[18],"deeply":[19],"tied":[20],"to":[21],"range":[23],"contextual":[25],"factors":[26,78],"including":[27],"poor":[28],"infrastructure,":[29],"non-traditional":[30],"usage":[31],"patterns,":[32],"different":[34],"attitudes":[35],"towards":[36],"security,":[37],"which":[38],"make":[39],"simply":[40],"importing":[41],"solutions":[43],"from":[44],"industrialized":[45],"nations":[46],"inadequate.":[47],"Recognizing":[48],"this,":[49],"we":[50],"describe":[51],"some":[52],"specific":[55],"risks":[57],"regions":[60],"their":[62],"relationships":[63],"with":[64],"technical,":[65],"political,":[66],"social,":[67],"economic":[69],"factors.":[70],"We":[71],"present":[72],"concrete":[73],"examples":[74],"how":[76],"these":[77],"affect":[79],"individuals,":[83],"groups,":[84],"key":[86],"applications":[87],"such":[88],"as":[89],"mobile":[90],"banking.":[91],"Our":[92],"analysis":[93],"highlights":[94],"urgency":[96],"concerns":[99],"that":[100],"need":[101],"attention":[102],"presents":[104],"an":[105],"important":[106],"intellectual":[107],"challenge":[108],"for":[109],"research":[111],"community.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}