{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021167175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999320.1999403","title":"Under the hood of virtual globes","display_name":"Under the hood of virtual globes","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021167175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999320.1999403","mag":"2021167175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1999320.1999403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999320.1999403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computing for Geospatial Research & Applications - COM.Geo '11","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054723001","display_name":"Patrick Cozzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Cozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Exton, PA","University of Pennsylvania, Exton, PA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Exton, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Exton, PA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047645797","display_name":"Kevin Ring","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Ring","raw_affiliation_strings":["Analytical Graphics, Inc., Exton, PA","Analytical Graphics, Inc., Exton, PA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Analytical Graphics, Inc., Exton, PA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Analytical Graphics, Inc., Exton, PA#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054723001"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.233388,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.953499972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13854","display_name":"Historical Geography and Cartography","score":0.942300021648407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globe","display_name":"Globe","score":0.7294173836708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6764907240867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.6096319556236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5625623464584351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.5013203620910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4559025466442108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3429528772830963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.13050174713134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12426578998565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11173185706138611}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775899829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109007","display_name":"Globe","level":2,"score":0.7294173836708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6764907240867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.6096319556236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5625623464584351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.5013203620910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4559025466442108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3429528772830963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.13050174713134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12426578998565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11173185706138611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1999320.1999403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1999320.1999403","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computing for Geospatial Research & Applications - COM.Geo '11","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W291250033","https://openalex.org/W2008385118","https://openalex.org/W2035757446","https://openalex.org/W880955280","https://openalex.org/W2106647072","https://openalex.org/W4246858109","https://openalex.org/W54172855","https://openalex.org/W2170209930","https://openalex.org/W2046782623","https://openalex.org/W4205838854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtual":[0],"globes":[1,21],"are":[2],"a":[3],"key":[4],"tool":[5],"for":[6],"visualizing":[7],"large":[8],"geospatial":[9],"datasets.":[10],"This":[11],"half":[12],"day":[13],"course":[14],"goes":[15],"under":[16],"the":[17,29,73],"hood":[18],"of":[19],"virtual":[20,40,58,76],"and":[22,67,80],"looks":[23],"at":[24],"their":[25],"implementation":[26],"techniques":[27,54],"from":[28],"software":[30],"developer's":[31],"perspective.":[32],"Our":[33],"focus":[34],"is":[35],"not":[36],"on":[37],"one":[38],"particular":[39],"globe,":[41],"such":[42],"as":[43],"NASA":[44],"World":[45],"Wind":[46],"or":[47],"Google":[48],"Earth;":[49],"instead,":[50],"we":[51],"discuss":[52],"common":[53],"used":[55],"by":[56],"many":[57],"globes,":[59],"including":[60],"coordinate":[61],"transformations,":[62],"globe":[63,77],"representations,":[64],"precision,":[65],"multithreading,":[66],"terrain":[68],"rendering.":[69],"We":[70],"also":[71],"consider":[72],"differences":[74],"between":[75],"3D":[78],"engines":[79],"game":[81],"engines.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}