{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4245276232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1993498.1993569","title":"Taming the wildcards","display_name":"Taming the wildcards","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4245276232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1993498.1993569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1993498.1993569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1993498.1993569","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044852211","display_name":"John Altidor","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Altidor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086063254","display_name":"Shan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0276-1271"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Shan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["LogicBlox Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LogicBlox Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043949214","display_name":"Yannis Smaragdakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0499-0182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yannis Smaragdakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044852211"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.993,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92330778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"602","last_page":"613"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7063291072845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.6764665246009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.6114628314971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5428855419158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scala","display_name":"Scala","score":0.46367499232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simplicity","display_name":"Simplicity","score":0.4448464512825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.44055646657943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.4332209825515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.41722768545150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4068417251110077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2354445457458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.21261990070343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21097439527511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.10087969899177551}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7063291072845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.6764665246009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.6114628314971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5428855419158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109701466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460584","display_name":"Scala","level":3,"score":0.46367499232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776372474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508291","display_name":"Simplicity","level":2,"score":0.4448464512825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44055646657943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.4332209825515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41722768545150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4068417251110077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2354445457458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.21261990070343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21097439527511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.10087969899177551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1993498.1993569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1993498.1993569","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89731140","https://openalex.org/W1558128491","https://openalex.org/W1595544871","https://openalex.org/W1972445726","https://openalex.org/W1993140586","https://openalex.org/W2035709547","https://openalex.org/W2036656026","https://openalex.org/W2098123460","https://openalex.org/W2115694885","https://openalex.org/W2136316331","https://openalex.org/W2165046128","https://openalex.org/W2170040775","https://openalex.org/W4245276232","https://openalex.org/W4386688170","https://openalex.org/W6603579094"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368019753","https://openalex.org/W2333930193","https://openalex.org/W2737356002","https://openalex.org/W2246241526","https://openalex.org/W4301122218","https://openalex.org/W2374150061","https://openalex.org/W2081340182","https://openalex.org/W2369703001","https://openalex.org/W4232952072","https://openalex.org/W3040669356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Variance":[0],"allows":[1],"the":[2],"safe":[3],"integration":[4],"of":[5,12,43],"parametric":[6],"and":[7,21,33],"subtype":[8],"polymorphism.":[9],"Two":[10],"flavors":[11],"variance,":[13,17],"definition-site":[14],"versus":[15],"use-site":[16],"have":[18,22],"been":[19],"studied":[20],"had":[23],"their":[24],"merits":[25],"hotly":[26],"debated.":[27],"Definition-site":[28],"variance":[29,48],"(as":[30,49],"in":[31,50,54],"Scala":[32],"C#)":[34],"offers":[35,52],"simple":[36],"type-instantiation":[37,59],"rules,":[38],"but":[39],"causes":[40],"fractured":[41],"definitions":[42],"naturally":[44],"invariant":[45],"classes;":[46],"Use-site":[47],"Java)":[51],"simplicity":[53],"class":[55],"definitions,":[56],"yet":[57],"complex":[58],"rules":[60],"that":[61],"elude":[62],"most":[63],"programmers.":[64]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}